How did Van Gogh live? Money, debts and support from Théo

The scientific edition of the letters estimates at approx 17,500 francs the total received by Vincent between 1880 and 1890. This calculation combines letters, family correspondence and Théo's account book. An estimate remains, in particular because the two brothers lived together in Paris from the end of February 1886 to February 1888 and not all expenses were recorded.

The usual payments are often around 100 to 150 francs per month, but they vary depending on the year and are accompanied by advances. In July 1888, Vincent himself already estimated the sum "advanced" by his brother at around 15,000 francs.

The scientific publishing table includes some payments from the father at the beginning of the period. The total is therefore an order of magnitude of the aid received, mainly provided by Théo, and not an exhaustive record of his mandates alone.

He sells very little and does not earn a stable income from his work. Exchanges for paintings by other artists are more frequent than silver sales. In 1886, Théo wrote to their mother that Vincent had not yet sold any paintings for money, but that the exchanges helped build their common collection.

The best documented sale is that of The Red Vine to Anna Boch. The purchase was already announced in February 1890; the revenues, recorded on March 6 in Théo's account book, represent 400 francs. This is a real and encouraging sum, but insufficient in view of the cumulative expenses.

It is therefore best to avoid the phrase "Van Gogh only sold one painting". It simplifies a history of rare sales, placed drawings, exchanges, one-off orders and free works.

Theo is not just a money giver. Manager of a branch of Boussod, Valadon & Cie, he receives the paintings, comments on the strategy, organizes exhibitions and puts Vincent in touch with the Parisian artistic community. The brothers often speak of their works and acquisitions as a common fund.

His annual income, including salary and commission, is generally between 11,000 and 14,000 francs. He not only supports Vincent: after the death of their father, he also helps their mother and younger brothers and sisters, then has to finance his own household with Jo Bonger and their son.

Vincent feels this burden as a debt and hopes to make the advance thanks to sales. Théo reassures him: in his letter of April 24, 1889, he believes that Vincent's work and their fraternal affection have already largely paid for him in return. Their bond goes beyond that of a lender and a debtor.