Famous Paintings by Picasso: Discover His Most Iconic Works
Picasso and his importance in the history of art
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) is one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. A Spanish genius painter, he co-founded the Cubist movement and revolutionized the way reality is represented in art. Throughout his prolific career – more than seven decades of creation – Picasso produced numerous famous paintings that have marked the history of modern art. His works, bold and varied, demonstrate limitless inventiveness and an ability to constantly reinvent himself. From his colorful periods to his Cubist experiments, Picasso's iconic paintings continue to inspire audiences and artists worldwide. In this article, we will explore Picasso's most famous canvases, understand their context of creation and impact, and delve into the different artistic periods of this essential master.
What is Picasso's most famous painting?
It is worth mentioning that Picasso created other equally striking canvases. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907), for example, is a masterpiece that foreshadowed Cubism, often cited in art textbooks for its revolutionary nature. However, Guernica remains the emblematic painting of Picasso in the eyes of the general public, both for its historical significance and its monumental visual impact.
How many paintings did Picasso paint?
Picasso was extraordinarily prolific. It is estimated that he painted around 1,800 to 1,900 paintings during his lifetime. This impressive number, however, represents only a part of his total artistic output: indeed, Picasso created nearly 50,000 works of art across all categories. His overall work includes paintings of course, but also drawings (more than 7,000), engravings and lithographs (nearly 10,000), ceramics (about 2,800), and sculptures (about 1,200).
This diversity reflects Picasso's constant curiosity and experimentation with artistic mediums. He did not limit himself to oil painting on canvas: he explored metal and terracotta sculpture, decorative ceramics, engraving, collage, and even the creation of sets and costumes for theater. His artistic longevity (he created until his death at 91) combined with his extraordinary creative energy explain this colossal body of work left as a legacy. Thus, the number of paintings created by Picasso runs into the thousands, and each or almost each reflects a different facet of his multifaceted genius.
Picasso's paintings in the Cubist style
Cubism is the artistic movement immediately associated with the name Picasso. Initiated around 1907 in collaboration with the French painter Georges Braque, cubism seeks to represent the forms of nature from multiple angles, breaking them down into geometric facets. Picasso's cubist paintings shatter traditional perspective: objects and figures are fragmented into cubes, cones, and cylinders, providing a simultaneous view from different viewpoints. This innovative style radically changed Western painting and paved the way for abstract art.
Among Picasso's notable Cubist paintings, one can mention:
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) – Considered the first major Cubist painting (or proto-Cubist), it depicts five nude women with angular forms and faces inspired by Iberian and African art. This shocking canvas for its time disrupted artistic conventions and heralded the emerging Cubism.
Ma Jolie (1911-1912) – A typical example of Picasso's analytic cubism. The subject (probably a portrait of his then partner, Marcelle Humbert nicknamed "Ma Jolie") is fragmented into a myriad of small, almost abstract planes. The palette of browns and grays and the interweaving of geometric shapes make the motif difficult to distinguish, illustrating the radical exploration of form undertaken by Picasso at this time.
The Three Musicians (1921) – An iconic work of synthetic cubism, this colorful painting depicts three stylized figures playing music. The shapes are flattened into broad, vivid surfaces and juxtaposed like collages. Created after the First World War, this joyful painting with a puzzle-like appearance shows that Picasso continued the cubist aesthetic while renewing it with brighter colors and more decorative forms.
In his Cubist paintings, Picasso revolutionized visual perception. He showed that it was possible to "show everything at once" – the faces of an object, the profile and the face of a person – on a flat surface. In doing so, he freed painting from the constraints of realism and opened the door to an infinite number of stylistic possibilities. Picasso's Cubist style, whether analytical (very deconstructed) or synthetic (more ornamental), is among his most famous contributions to the history of art.
Women in Picasso's Paintings
Women occupy a central place in Picasso's art. Throughout his life, the artist painted numerous portraits of women, often inspired by his companions, muses, or close ones, and these paintings are among his most famous works. Each of these female figures is depicted with a unique style and emotion, reflecting Picasso's relationship with the model and the period of creation.
Some iconic female portraits by Picasso:
The Dream (1932) – This painting depicts Marie-Thérèse Walter, Picasso's young mistress in the 1930s, dozing in an armchair. The figure is rendered with soft and sensual curves, a palette of bright and warm colors (pinks, yellows), and a slight doubling of the face in a cubist style. The Dream is one of Picasso's most famous portraits, symbolizing the fullness of love and the artist's abundant creativity during this period.
Dora Maar with Cat (1941) – Picasso paints here his muse Dora Maar seated on a chair, with a small cat perched on her shoulder. Dora's face is fragmented and angular, typical of Picasso's late cubist style, and the contrasting colors give the whole an atmosphere that is both elegant and unsettling. This painting, one of Picasso's most prized, reflects the artist's fascination with Dora Maar's complex personality.
The Weeping Woman (1937) – This heartbreaking portrait, also inspired by Dora Maar, shows a woman's face in tears, almond-shaped eyes and a twisted mouth holding a handkerchief. Created the same year as Guernica, it is like its emotional extension: the weeping woman is the universal symbol of suffering. With its shrill colors and distorted shapes, The Weeping Woman is one of Picasso's most powerful portraits, expressing deep pain.
Portrait of Olga in an Armchair (1917) – Picasso also painted more classical portraits of his close ones, notably his first wife, the ballerina Olga Khokhlova. In this painting, Olga is depicted sitting in an armchair, elegantly dressed, with a fairly realistic and serene rendering. Created just after the analytical cubist period, this portrait marks Picasso's temporary return to a more traditional style and demonstrates his mastery of all pictorial registers.
Through these portraits of women, we discover the multiple faces of Picasso. Sometimes tender and loving with Marie-Thérèse, sometimes tormented with Dora Maar, or respectful of tradition with Olga, Picasso explored the full range of human emotions. His paintings of women are among his most famous and sought-after works, and several of them are now among the most expensive paintings in the world (for example, Dora Maar au Chat and Le Rêve have reached record sums at auctions). These muses have undeniably contributed to shaping Picasso's art, each in their own way.
Picasso's Blue Period
Picasso's Blue Period (1901-1904) is one of his most famous and moving artistic phases. This period began following a personal tragedy: the suicide of his close friend Carlos Casagemas in 1901 plunged Picasso into deep sorrow. From then on, his palette was almost exclusively limited to cool tones – blue, blue-green, turquoise – which imbue his canvases with a melancholic atmosphere. The subjects he tackled during this period often depict misery and solitude, drawing inspiration from the lives of marginalized people observed in Paris or Barcelona.
In his bluish works, the characters seem trapped in their sadness. Picasso paints, for example, beggars, mothers with their child, poor old men, and circus artists with a melancholic gaze. Two emblematic works from this period perfectly illustrate the emotion and the simplicity of the contours characteristic of this style:
The Old Blind Guitarist (1903): It shows a gaunt old man playing the guitar, all bathed in a uniform blue hue that accentuates the distress of the scene.
La Vie (1903): Large allegorical composition showing a naked couple facing a mother holding a baby, against a background of ghostly figures – a complex work that encapsulates Picasso's despair and quest for meaning.
Woman with Folded Arms (1901): This canvas depicts a woman with a thoughtful and melancholic gaze, symbolizing the solitude and distress that permeate this period.
Despite the seriousness of its themes, the Blue Period allowed Picasso to assert a very strong personal style and capture the public's attention. His paintings, with simplified contours and elongated bodies, convey great emotion. Around 1904, as he settled in Montmartre and met new friends, including his future partner Fernande Olivier, Picasso's mood gradually brightened and he began his Rose Period (1904-1906). However, the masterpieces of the Blue Period remain among the most appreciated for their human depth and poignant sincerity.
Picasso's Youth Paintings
From a very young age, Picasso showed early artistic talent. It is said that his first serious drawing was made at the age of 8, and depicted a picador (a horse-mounted bullfighter) during a bullfight – a typically Spanish scene.
In 1896, when he was only 15 years old, he painted The First Communion, a large academic painting depicting his sister kneeling and receiving communion, surrounded by their parents. This work, very traditional in its composition and execution, already reveals the teenager's technical virtuosity: realistic drapery, subtle plays of light, pious expressions.
The following year, in 1897, Picasso created Science and Charity, another large canvas where a doctor examines a bedridden patient while a nun presents a bowl of broth – a scene of Christian charity that earned him a medal at an exhibition in Madrid. Once again, the young painter's mastery is astonishing for his age: the attention to anatomical detail, the careful composition, and the seriousness of the subject show that at 16, Picasso was already matching the academic painters of his time.
These early works of Picasso, often little known to the general public, testify to his solid learning of the basics of drawing and classical painting from his father (who was a drawing teacher) and at the Academy. Before inventing new pictorial languages, Picasso thus proved that he could paint in a high-quality realistic style. There are also many sketches and small paintings from his youth – family portraits, bullfighting scenes, urban landscapes of Barcelona – which show his rapid evolution. Around 1900, Picasso traveled to Paris for the first time and discovered the effervescence of artistic modernity. His early canvases then shifted towards post-impressionism and personal expression, heralding the upcoming blue and rose periods. But it is fascinating to note that, from adolescence, Picasso was already a virtuoso painter, capable of the best in a classical style before shaking up established conventions.
Black and white paintings
Picasso is famous for his bold use of color, but some of his most powerful works are almost in black and white. By deliberately choosing a colorless palette, the artist focuses attention on the subject and the play of light, giving the scene a particular, often dramatic power. Two major paintings illustrate this approach: Guernica and Le Charnier.
Guernica (1937), already mentioned above as his most famous painting, is a striking example of a black and white work. Picasso depicted the violence of the bombing of Guernica using only shades of gray, black, and white. This choice was not purely aesthetic: it reinforced the tragic and universal aspect of the scene (by recalling, through its contrast, the black and white newspaper photographs circulated at the time to show the devastation of the bombing). The lack of color avoids any distraction and allows focus on the torn forms and expressions of pain. Guernica thus proves that economy of means (no bright colors here) can produce an even greater emotional impact on the viewer.
A few years later, towards the end of the Second World War, Picasso created The Charnel House (1944-45). This painting, left unfinished, is also in black, white, and gray. It depicts a massacre scene: bodies piled up in what looks like a mass grave, a direct reference to the horrors then being discovered in concentration camps or the atrocities of the Spanish civil war. The Charnel House is a harsh, uncompromising composition, where the barely sketched figures stand out in chiaroscuro. The work, less known to the general public than Guernica, is now preserved at the Museum ... of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York. Through its austere treatment in black and white, Picasso once again expresses his commitment against barbarism, using the simplicity of tones to emphasize the gravity of the subject. Whether with Guernica or The Charnel House, the artist demonstrated that the absence of color can, paradoxically, strengthen the message of a work and its emotional intensity. These black and white paintings are among the most striking images in his repertoire, engraved in the collective memory.
Price of Picasso paintings
Picasso's paintings regularly rank among the most expensive artworks on the market. The price of a Picasso canvas depends on many factors: the artwork's renown, its historical significance, its provenance, its condition, not to mention the enthusiasm of wealthy collectors. Picasso's masterpieces are traded for colossal sums at international auctions, often reaching record amounts.
Several of the master's canvases have crossed the symbolic threshold of 100 million dollars. For example, Les Femmes d’Alger (Version O), painted in 1955, was auctioned for 179.4 million dollars including fees at a Christie’s sale in 2015 – a world record for a work sold at auction at the time. Similarly, Le Rêve (1932), a portrait of Marie-Thérèse Walter, was sold in a private transaction for about 155 million dollars in 2013 (making it one of the most expensive paintings ever sold privately). Other spectacular auctions have marked the art market: Garçon à la pipe (1905) reached 104 million dollars in 2004, Fillette à la corbeille fleurie (1905) sold for 115 million in 2018, and more recently in 2021, Femme assise près d’une fenêtre (Marie-Thérèse) (1932) surpassed 100 million dollars at Christie’s. These figures are dizzying and illustrate the almost mythical value associated with Picasso’s canvases.
It is important to note that not all of Picasso's works reach such heights. Having produced thousands of pieces, the market includes drawings, engravings, or less iconic canvases at more "accessible" prices (ranging from a few thousand to several hundred thousand euros, depending on the work). However, as soon as it concerns a major painting from a sought-after period (for example, a scene from the Blue Period, a portrait of a famous muse, or a historic Cubist composition), prices soar. Rarity also plays a role: many of Picasso's paintings are kept in museums and public collections and will never be for sale. Those that still appear in private or public sales therefore spark fierce competition among collectors. In short, the name Picasso remains an absolute reference in the art market, synonymous with prestige – and extraordinary prices.
Conclusion: Legacy and Influence of Picasso
In conclusion, the legacy left by Picasso in the history of art is immense. Through his most famous paintings, he not only explored revolutionary styles but also expressed the joys and tragedies of his time with unparalleled strength. Founder of Cubism, a central figure of modern art, Picasso paved the way for countless artists by demonstrating that academic rules could be broken to create new aesthetics. His influence extends from the early 20th century to today: it can be found in Surrealism, Expressionism, and many other movements that followed.
Picasso's iconic paintings – whether it's Les Demoiselles d’Avignon which revolutionized painting in 1907, Guernica which raised global awareness of the cruelty of war, or his numerous portraits that redefined the art of the face – continue to be studied, exhibited, and admired worldwide. Their evocative power has not diminished over time. More than fifty years after the artist's passing, audiences still feel a special emotion when facing a Picasso, a sign that his genius is timeless.
Finally, the appeal of Picasso's works is such that his images have now become part of popular culture. Many art lovers wish to have a reproduction of Guernica or The Dream in their homes, to draw inspiration from this creative spirit. This enthusiasm reflects the unique place Picasso holds: that of a universal artist whose famous paintings transcend generations and remain an inexhaustible source of inspiration.
FAQ on Picasso's Famous Paintings
What is Picasso's most famous painting?
Picasso's most famous painting is Guernica, painted in 1937. This monumental black and white work, denouncing the horrors of war, is considered his most iconic masterpiece. Guernica is displayed at the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid and is often cited as one of the most important paintings of the 20th century. Other well-known paintings by Picasso include Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) and La Femme qui pleure (1937), but Guernica generally remains at the top in terms of fame.
What is the price of a Picasso painting?
There is no fixed price for a Picasso painting – it all depends on the work in question. Prices can range from a few thousand euros for a drawing or print by Picasso, to several million (or even tens or hundreds of millions) of euros for his most famous canvases. For example, in 2015, Les Femmes d’Alger (Version O) sold for approximately 179 million dollars, setting an auction record. Generally, most major Picasso paintings that change hands today are traded for seven- or eight-figure sums. Owning an original Picasso is therefore a considerable investment, accessible to a very limited circle of collectors.
What are Picasso's artistic periods?
Picasso went through several distinct artistic periods during his career, each with a specific style and themes:
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The Blue Period (1901-1904): melancholic works with bluish tones, often depicting poverty and sadness (e.g., The Old Guitarist).
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The Rose Period (1904-1906): brighter paintings with pink and ochre tones, often on the theme of the circus and acrobats (e.g., Family of Acrobats).
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Cubism (1907-1915): Picasso co-founded analytical cubism (fragmented geometric shapes, e.g., Portrait of Ambroise Vollard) and then synthetic cubism (simpler and more colorful shapes, e.g., The Three Musicians).
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The Return to Classicism (1920s): after the Great War, Picasso paints more classical and monumental figures reminiscent of ancient art or the Renaissance (e.g., The Bathers from the 1920s).
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The Surrealist period (1930s): although Picasso was not formally a Surrealist, he was influenced by this movement. His works from this era feature dreamlike distortions and strong symbols (e.g., The Weeping Woman, 1937).
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The late period (1940s-1973): Picasso, until the end of his life, explored a wide variety of styles. He created paintings inspired by the great masters of the past (series after Velázquez or Manet), expressive works with vivid colors, and erotic drawings. His last muse, Jacqueline Roque, appears in many stylized portraits in the 1950s-60s.
These periods follow one another and sometimes overlap, reflecting Picasso's constant evolution. Each has contributed to forging the artist's legend and offers a different facet of his creative genius.
Where to see Picasso's famous paintings?
Picasso's famous paintings are exhibited in many museums around the world. To admire his iconic works, several must-visit institutions:
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In Spain, his native country: the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid houses Guernica. The Picasso Museum in Barcelona, for its part, gathers a large collection of his early works and his blue period.
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In France, where Picasso lived for a long time: the Picasso Museum in Paris (Hôtel Salé) displays hundreds of the artist's works (paintings, sculptures, ceramics…), including masterpieces from various periods.
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In the United States: the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York owns Les Demoiselles d’Avignon as well as several key Cubist works. The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Art Institute of Chicago also hold important paintings by Picasso.
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Elsewhere in the world: the Tate Modern in London, the Museo Picasso Málaga, or the Pushkin Museum in Moscow also display famous Picassos. Additionally, numerous temporary exhibitions are regularly organized around the globe, allowing visitors to see exceptional loans of major Picasso works.
In summary, to see famous paintings by Picasso, you need to visit the major museums of modern and contemporary art. Paris, Barcelona, Madrid, New York, London are some of the key destinations to immerse yourself in the pictorial world of this 20th-century genius.
FAQ on Alpha Reproduction
What does Alpha Reproduction offer?
Alpha Reproduction is an online store specializing in the reproduction of artworks. It offers for sale reproductions of famous paintings, made with a high level of quality and fidelity. Specifically, Alpha Reproduction allows art lovers to acquire hand-painted copies of masterpieces in oil paint. The catalog covers many artists and movements (from classical to modern). The goal is to offer the possibility to decorate one’s interior with a reproduced painting that respects the aesthetic of the original, all at a price much more affordable than an authentic artwork.
Can we order a reproduction of Picasso's famous paintings from Alpha Reproduction?
No, due to copyright still in effect on a significant part of Pablo Picasso's work, Alpha Reproduction does not offer reproductions of his famous paintings. Some of Picasso's works, although very well known, are still protected by intellectual property law, and their reproduction for commercial purposes is not allowed without the consent of the rights holders. At Alpha Reproduction, we strictly comply with these laws to ensure an activity that is ethical and lawful.
However, you can explore our extensive catalog of artworks that have fallen into the public domain, from many great masters of art history. We offer hand-painted oil reproductions, faithful to the originals, to decorate your interior with elegance and authenticity.
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Alpha Reproduction's reproductions are handcrafted and traditional. Rather than simple digital prints, these are genuine oil paintings made by hand. Specifically, once the order is placed, a copyist artist will paint the chosen artwork inspired by a high-resolution reference image of the original piece. They work on a professional-quality canvas, meticulously reproducing the colors, brushstrokes, and details of the painting. The process can take several days or weeks depending on the complexity of the work, as the painter ensures the copy is as faithful as possible (respecting proportions, textures, signature, etc.). Once the painting is finished and dried, it undergoes a quality control. The result is a painted reproduction that captures the appearance and atmosphere of Picasso's masterpiece, ready to be hung on the wall. This handcrafted production method guarantees that each reproduction is unique and carefully made, far from industrial printed posters.
What are the delivery times?
Delivery times at Alpha Reproduction include the time needed to create the reproduction and the shipping to your home. Since each painting is hand-painted on demand, you should allow for a manufacturing time of approximately 2 to 4 weeks on average (variable depending on the size and complexity of the artwork). During this phase, the Alpha Reproduction workshop carefully creates your painting. Once the reproduction is completed, the delivery itself is quite fast: the company generally uses an express carrier (UPS, DHL, or FedEx) with tracking, which allows for delivery within 2 to 5 business days worldwide. Delivery is often offered free of charge by Alpha Reproduction. Thus, in total, you can expect to receive your reproduction of a famous Picasso approximately within 3 to 5 weeks after your order. Of course, Alpha Reproduction keeps you informed at every step – from the start of production to shipment – so that you can track the progress and prepare to receive your artwork.
By choosing Alpha Reproduction, art lovers are therefore guaranteed quality work, completed within reasonable timeframes given the artisanal nature, so that they can ultimately enjoy the greatest paintings at home with complete satisfaction.
