One hundred works · light, doors and silence

The 100known paintings that tell the storyVilhelm Hammershøi

From Strandgade to the deserted squares of Copenhagen, Hammershøi makes the doors, the gray walls and the women's backs speak - with enough restraint that even silence thinks it must whisper.

Dust in the sun's rays1900 · Ordrupgaard, Charlottenlund

100 paintingsA journey work by work
1883 - 1916Interiors, portraits and landscapes
1864 - 1916The Danish master of silence

A Danish painter trained in Copenhagen, Vilhelm Hammershøi found inexhaustible material in his apartments, his loved ones and the deserted architecture. His palette of grays, browns and whites never closes the world: it simply forces him to speak less loudly, which works quite well for him.

1Dust in the Sun's Rays, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Dust in the sun's rays

Date1900CollectionOrdrupgaard, CharlottenlundFormat70 × 59 cm

Painted around 1900 at Strandgade 30, this empty living room transforms a winter section into the main subject. The work, now in Ordrupgaard and listed in the Danish Cultural Canon, proves that a room can make a lot of noise without moving a single piece of furniture.

See the work
2Interior with young woman seen from behind, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with young woman seen from behind

Date1903 - 1904CollectionRanders KunstmuseumFormatinformation not specified

Ida Hammershøi appears from behind, a posture which refuses the worldly portrait and leaves the story in suspense. The woodwork, the table and the silent neck have as much weight as the character: in Hammershøi, turning our back is almost a way of looking at us.

See the work
3The White Door and the Golden Wardrobe, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The White Door and the Golden Wardrobe

Date1886Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

This early work already pushes the simplicity towards abstraction: a clear door, a yellow wardrobe and almost nothing else. Hammershøi understands early on that two well-placed rectangles can hold an entire conversation.

See the work
4Interior, Strandgade 30, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior, Strandgade 30

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

At Strandgade 30, aligned doors become an instrument of depth as much as a psychological motif. The gaze passes through the rooms, but the apartment keeps its secrets with Danish courtesy.

See the work
5Interior with the artist's wife, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with artist's wife

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionNational Museum, OsloFormatinformation not specified

Ida's figure does not trigger any anecdote; rather, it stabilizes walls, furniture and silences. Hammershøi paints married life without effusion, but with such precise attention that a restrained gesture becomes an event.

See the work
6Interior in Strandgade with the artist's wife, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior in Strandgade with the artist's wife

Date1902CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

Dated 1902, this Strandgade interior belongs to the painter's most rigorous variations on his own accommodation. The woman, the doors and the furniture seem arranged like the notes of a score whose music would deliberately be kept very low.

See the work
7Interior with piano and woman in black, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with piano and woman in black

Date1901Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

Ida sits at the piano, but the painting does not promise any spectacular concerts. The great emptiness of the foreground and the black silhouette retain the imaginary sound; even the instrument seems to respect the internal regulations of silence.

See the work
8Rest, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Rest

Date1905CollectionMusée d'Orsay, ParisFormatinformation not specified

Acquired by the French State after being presented at the Salon of the National Society of Fine Arts, this painting largely contributed to the painter's international fame. Ida's neck, chair and wall are enough to transform rest into an enigma.

See the work
9Moonlight, Strandgade 30, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Moonlight, Strandgade 30

Date1900 - 1906CollectionMetropolitan Museum of Art, New YorkFormatinformation not specified

Moonlight passes through a window in Strandgade 30 and reduces the room to a few bands of gray, brown and silver. Entering the Metropolitan Museum, the work shows how Hammershøi knew how to make the darkness luminous without asking him to smile.

See the work
10Amalienborg Square, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Amalienborg Square

Date1896CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormat136.5 × 136.5 cm

Hammershøi empties Amalienborg Square of its passers-by and lets the statue of Frederick V reign over almost unreal architecture. The monument once cost more than the four surrounding palaces; in the painting, he finally gets all the space to recall it.

See the work
11Interior courtyard, Strandgade 30, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Inner courtyard, Strandgade 30

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

Strandgade's courtyard is framed like an interior turned towards the sky. Repeated windows, pale walls and human absence make architecture a character that clearly does not rush to speak.

See the work
12The Coin Collector, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Coin Collector

Date1904CollectionNational Museum, OsloFormatinformation not specified

The coin collector leans over his treasures without offering his face to the viewer. Hammershøi builds a dark room around this concentration where private passion almost becomes a ritual.

See the work
13Interior with a woman reading, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with a woman reading

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

One reader is enough to give silence a duration: we imagine the page turned, but the painting retains the gesture. Hammershøi thus brings together the absorption of the model and that of the spectator, both invited to forget the clock.

See the work
14Interior, sun on the floor, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior, sun on the ground

Date1906CollectionNational Gallery, LondonFormatinformation not specified

Presented today at the National Gallery in London, this interior gives the sun the clean shape of a second floor. The doors and wall panels cut out the space with a precision that almost makes you forget that light never stays in place.

See the work
15Study of the sun in the living room, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Sun study in the living room

Date1906CollectionDavid Collection, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Sun Study in the Living Room" explores a silent interior, in "Sun Study in the Living Room". "Sun Study in the Living Room" calmly orders the verticals, around "Sun Study in the Living Room". "Sun Study in the Living Room" in the Living Room shows how depth remains on hold, under "Sun Study in the Living Room".

See the work
16The Four Pieces, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The four pieces

Date1914Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

In The Four Rooms, the series of doors transforms the apartment into a mental perspective. Each threshold promises a revelation and delivers another empty room: Hammershøi already knew the art of minimalist suspense.

See the work
17Interior in the mirror, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior to the mirror

Date1907Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior to the Mirror" explores a silent figure, in "Interior to the Mirror". "Interior to the Mirror" changes inaction into tension, around "Interior to the Mirror". "Interior to the Mirror" shows how depth remains on hold, under "Interior to the Mirror".

See the work
18Interior with the artist's easel, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with the artist's easel

Date1910CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Interior with the artist's easel" explores a silent figure, in "Interior with the artist's easel". "Interior with the artist's easel" circulates a restrained light, around "Interior with the artist's easel. "Interior with Artist's Easel" shows how depth remains on hold, under "Interior with Artist's Easel".

See the work
19Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25" explores a silent interior, in "Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25". "Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25". "Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25" rigorously balances full and empty, around "Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25". "Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25" shows how depth remains on hold, under "Interior with potted plant on a card table, Bredgade 25".

See the work
20The Balcony, Spurveskjul, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Balcony, Spurveskjul

Date1911Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The Balcony, Spurveskjul" explores a silent figure, in "The Balcony, Spurveskjul". "The Balcony, Spurveskjul" suspends the gesture before the story, around "The Balcony, Spurveskjul". "The Balcony, Spurveskjul" shows how depth remains on hold, under "The Balcony, Spurveskjul".

See the work
21The Balcony Room in Spurveskjul, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Balcony Room in Spurveskjul

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The Balcony Room in Spurveskjul" explores a silent interior, in "The Balcony Room in Spurveskjul". "The Balcony Room in Spurveskjul" grants very similar values, around "The Balcony Room in Spurveskjul". "The Balcony Room in Spurveskjul" shows how the light acts without noise, under "The Balcony Room in Spurveskjul".

See the work
22Interior. Artificial light, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior. Artificial light

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Interior. Artificial Light" explores a silent figure, in "Interior. Artificial light". "Interior. Artificial light" orders the verticals calmly, around "Interior. Artificial light". "Interior. Artificial Light shows how light acts without noise, under "Interior. Artificial light".

See the work
23Interior with Windsor chair, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with Windsor chair

Date1913Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior with Windsor Chair" explores a silent figure, in "Interior with Windsor Chair". "Interior with Windsor Chair" connects the shapes with gray, around "Interior with Windsor Chair". "Interior with chair Windsor shows how light acts without noise, under "Interior with Windsor chair".

See the work
24Interior with table, bookcase and chair Windsor, Strandgade 25, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with table, bookcase and chair Windsor, Strandgade 25

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior with Windsor table, bookcase and chair, Strandgade 25" explores a quiet interior, in "Interior with Windsor table, bookcase and chair, Strandgade 25". "Interior with Windsor table, bookcase and chair, Strandgade 25". "Interior with Windsor table, bookcase and chair, Strandgade 25" changes inaction into tension, around "Interior with Windsor table, bookcase and chair, Strandgade 25". "Interior with Windsor table, bookcase and chair, Strandgade 25" shows how light acts without noise, under "Interior with table, bookcase and chair Windsor, Strandgade 25".

See the work
25The High Windows, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The High Windows

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Les Hautes Fenêtres" explores a silent figure, in "Les Hautes Fenêtres". "Les Hautes Fenêtres" circulates a restrained light around "Les Hautes Fenêtres". "Les Hautes Fenêtres" shows how light acts without noise, under "Les Hautes Fenêtres".

See the work
26Interior of Bredgade, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior of Bredgade

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Bredgade Interior" explores a silent interior, in "Bredgade Interior". "Bredgade Interior" rigorously balances full and empty, around "Bredgade Interior". "Bredgade Interior" shows how light acts without noise, under "Bredgade Interior".

See the work
27Artemis, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Artemis

Date1886CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

With Artemis, Hammershøi transposes the ancient frieze into a muted and monumental painting. The aligned bodies refuse the illusion of depth and remind us that his taste for geometry did not stop at the apartment door.

See the work
28Self-portrait in Spurveskjul, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Self-portrait in Spurveskjul

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

Hammershøi represents himself in Spurveskjul's house, less as master of the place than in a discreet presence caught in the architecture. The self-portrait avoids any heroic pose; the painter seems almost surprised to have been invited into his own painting.

See the work
29The Buildings of the Asian Company seen from Sainte-Anne Street, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Asian Company Buildings seen from Sainte-Anne Street

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

The Asian Company buildings are seen from Rue Sainte-Anne as a silent mass, washed of human presence. Hammershøi converts Copenhagen's commercial history into a study of facades, humid air and suspended time.

See the work
30The Christianshavn Canal, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Christianshavn Canal

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"The Christianshavn Canal" explores a silent architecture, in "The Christianshavn Canal". "The Christianshavn Canal" connects the shapes through gray, around "The Christianshavn Canal". "The Christianshavn Canal" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "The Christianshavn Channel".

See the work
31The British Museum, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The British Museum

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The British Museum" explores silent architecture, in "The British Museum". "The British Museum" changes inaction into tension, around "The British Museum". "The British Museum" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "The British Museum".

See the work
32The Royal Palace Church in Copenhagen, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Royal Palace Church in Copenhagen

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The Royal Palace Church in Copenhagen" explores silent architecture, in "The Royal Palace Church in Copenhagen". "The Royal Palace Church in Copenhagen" circulates a restrained light around "The Royal Palace Church in Copenhagen" in Copenhagen. "The Royal Palace Church in Copenhagen" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "The Royal Palace Church in Copenhagen".

See the work
33St. Peter's Church, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

St. Peter's Church

Date1906CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"The Church of Saint-Pierre" explores silent architecture, in "The Church of Saint-Pierre". "The Church of Saint-Pierre" rigorously balances full and empty, around "The Church of Saint-Pierre". "The Church of Saint-Pierre" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "The Church of Saint-Pierre".

See the work
34Landscape of Lejre, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Landscape of Lejre

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Landscape of Lejre" explores a silent landscape, in "Landscape of Lejre". "Landscape of Lejre" suspends the gesture before the story, around "Landscape of Lejre". "Landscape of Lejre" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "Landscape of Lejre".

See the work
35Young Oaks, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Young Oaks

Date1907CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormat55 × 77 cm

In Young Oaks, recently offered to the SMK, the trunks divide a vast clear sky without breaking its calm. The landscape confirms that Hammershøi knew how to organize the open air void with the same authority as between four walls.

See the work
36Landscape of Falster Island, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Falster Island Landscape

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Falster Island Landscape" explores a silent landscape, in "Falster Island Landscape." "Falster Island Landscape" calmly orders the verticals, around "Falster Island Landscape". "Falster Island Landscape" shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "Falster Island Landscape".

See the work
37Double portrait of the artist and his wife, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Double portrait of the artist and his wife

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

The double portrait brings together Vilhelm and Ida without transforming the couple into a sentimental scene. The gap, the looks and the dark material speak of a restrained intimacy, far from wedding photography which would require at least a regulatory smile.

See the work
38The Component Fini Henriques, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Component Fini Henriques

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"The Finite Henriques Composer" explores a silent portrait, in "The Finite Henriques Composer". "The Finite Henriques Composer" changes inaction into tension, around "The Finite Henriques Composer". "The Finite Composer Henriques shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "The Finite Composer Henriques".

See the work
39Art Historian Karl Madsen, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Art Historian Karl Madsen

Date1890CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Art Historian Karl Madsen" explores a silent figure, in "Art Historian Karl Madsen". "Art Historian Karl Madsen" circulates a restrained light, around "Art Historian Karl Madsen". " Art Historian Karl Madsen shows how each withdrawal reinforces presence, under "Art Historian Karl Madsen".

See the work
40The Painter Elisabeth Wandel, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Painter Elisabeth Wandel

Date1890CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"The Painter Elisabeth Wandel" explores a silent portrait, in "The Painter Elisabeth Wandel". "The Painter Elisabeth Wandel" rigorously balances full and empty, around "The Painter Elisabeth Wandel". "The Painter Elisabeth Wandel shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "The Painter Elisabeth Wandel".

See the work
41Painter Kristian Zahrtmann, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Painter Kristian Zahrtmann

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"The Painter Kristian Zahrtmann" explores a silent portrait, in "The Painter Kristian Zahrtmann". "The Painter Kristian Zahrtmann" suspends the gesture before the story, around "The Painter Kristian Zahrtmann". "The Painter Kristian Zahrtmann" shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "The Painter Kristian Zahrtmann".

See the work
42Anna Hammershøi seen from behind, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Anna Hammershøi seen from behind

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Anna Hammershøi seen from behind" explores a silent portrait, in "Anna Hammershøi seen from behind". "Anna Hammershøi seen from behind" grants very similar values, around "Anna Hammershøi seen from behind". "Anna Hammershøi seen from behind" shows how silence gains density, under "Anna Hammershøi seen from behind".

See the work
43Interior, 1890, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior, 1890

Date1890Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior, 1890" explores a silent figure, in "Interior, 1890". "Interior, 1890" calmly orders the verticals, around "Interior, 1890". "Interior, 1890" shows how silence gains density, under "Interior, 1890". "Interior, 1890" shows how silence gains density, under "Interior, 1890".

See the work
44Evening in the living room, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Evening in the living room

Date1904CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Evening in the Living Room" explores a silent interior, in "Evening in the Living Room". "Evening in the Living Room" connects the shapes through gray, around "Evening in the Living Room". "Evening in the Living Room" shows how silence gains density, under "Evening in the Living Room".

See the work
45The Salon of Frederiksberg Allé, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Frederiksberg Salon Alle

Date1887CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"The Frederiksberg Salon Allé" explores a silent interior, in "The Frederiksberg Salon Allé". "The Frederiksberg Salon Allé" changes inaction into tension, around "The Frederiksberg Salon Allé". "The Salon of Frederiksberg Allé shows how silence gains density, under "The Salon of Frederiksberg Allé".

See the work
46Interior, table set, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior, the table set

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior, the table set" explores a silent figure, in "Interior, the table set". "Interior, the table set" circulates a retained light, around "Interior, the table set". "Interior, the table set" shows how silence gains density, under "Interior, the table set".

See the work
47The Dining Room by Frederiksberg Allé, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Dining Room by Frederiksberg Allé

Date1888Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The Dining Room of Frederiksberg Allé" explores a silent interior, in "The Dining Room of Frederiksberg Allé". "The Dining Room of Frederiksberg Allé" rigorously balances full and empty, around "The Dining Room by Frederiksberg Allé. "The Dining Room of Frederiksberg Allé" shows how silence gains density, under "The Dining Room of Frederiksberg Allé".

See the work
48The Dining Room by Rahbeks Allé, Louis XVI style, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Dining Room by Rahbeks Allé, Louis XVI style

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The Dining Room of Rahbeks Allé, Louis XVI style" explores a silent interior, in "The Dining Room of Rahbeks Allé, Louis XVI style". "The Dining Room of Rahbeks Allé, Louis XVI style" suspends the gesture before the story, around "The Dining Room by Rahbeks Allé, Louis XVI style". "The Dining Room by Rahbeks Allé, Louis XVI style" shows how silence gains density, under "The Dining Room by Rahbeks Allé, Louis XVI style".

See the work
49The Salon, 1897, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Salon, 1897

Date1897Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Le Salon, 1897" explores a silent interior, in "Le Salon, 1897". "Le Salon, 1897" grants very similar values, around "Le Salon, 1897". "Le Salon, 1897" shows how the gaze ends up hearing, under "Le Salon, 1897". "Le Salon, 1897" shows how the gaze ends up hearing, under "Le Salon, 1897".

See the work
50Living room with bookcases and desk, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Living room with bookcases and office

Date1905Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Living room with bookcases and desk" explores a silent interior, in "Living room with bookcases and desk". "Living room with bookcases and desk" calmly orders the verticals, around "Living room with bookcases and desk". "Living room with bookcases and desk" shows how the eye ends up hearing, under "Living room with bookcases and desk".

See the work
51Living room with yellow secretary, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Yellow secretary lounge

Date1893Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Living Room with Yellow Secretary" explores a silent interior, in "Living Room with Yellow Secretary". "Living room with yellow secretary" connects the shapes with gray, around "Living room with yellow secretary". "Living room with yellow secretary" shows how the gaze ends up hearing, under "Living room with yellow secretary".

See the work
52Interior with view of the gallery, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with view of the gallery

Date1903CollectionDavid Collection, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Interior with gallery view" explores a silent figure, in "Interior with gallery view". "Interior with gallery view" changes inaction into tension, around "Interior with gallery view". "Interior with a View of the Gallery shows how the gaze eventually hears, under "Interior with a View of the Gallery".

See the work
53Sunny interior, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Sunny interior

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Sunny Interior" explores a silent figure, in "Sunny Interior". "Sunny Interior" circulates a restrained light, around "Sunny Interior". "Sunny Interior" shows how the gaze finally hears, under "Sunny Interior".

See the work
54Ancient Christiansborg, late autumn, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Ancient Christiansborg, late autumn

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Ancient Christiansborg, Late Autumn" explores a silent architecture, in "Ancient Christiansborg, Late Autumn." "Ancient Christiansborg, Late Autumn" rigorously balances full and empty, around "The Ancient Christiansborg, late autumn. "Ancient Christiansborg, late autumn" shows how the gaze finally hears, under "Ancient Christiansborg, late autumn".

See the work
55Ancient Christiansborg, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Elder Christiansborg

Date1907CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Ancient Christiansborg" explores a silent architecture, in "Ancient Christiansborg". "Ancient Christiansborg" suspends the gesture before the story, around "Ancient Christiansborg". "Ancient Christiansborg" shows how the gaze finally hears, under "Ancient Christiansborg".

See the work
56Landscape, 1900, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Landscape, 1900

Date1900CollectionThielska Galleriet, StockholmFormatinformation not specified

"Landscape, 1900" explores a silent landscape, in "Landscape, 1900". "Landscape, 1900" grants very similar values, around "Landscape, 1900". "Landscape, 1900" shows how time seems to sit, under "Landscape, 1900". "Landscape, 1900" shows how time seems to sit, under "Landscape, 1900".

See the work
57Moonlight landscape, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Moonlight landscape

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Lunar Landscape" explores a silent landscape, in "Lunar Landscape". "Lunar Landscape" orders the verticals calmly, around "Lunar Landscape". "Lunar Landscape" shows how time seems to sit, under "Landscape in the Moonlight".

See the work
58Landscape with a row of trees, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Landscape with a row of trees

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Landscape with a Row of Trees" explores a silent landscape, in "Landscape with a Row of Trees". "Landscape with a row of trees" connects the shapes through gray, around "Landscape with a row of trees". "Landscape with a Row of Trees shows how time seems to sit, under "Landscape with a Row of Trees".

See the work
59Landscape with fields and trees, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Landscape with fields and trees

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Landscape with Fields and Trees" explores a silent landscape, in "Landscape with Fields and Trees". "Landscape with Fields and Trees" changes inaction into tension, around "Landscape with Fields and Trees". "Landscape with fields and trees" trees shows how time seems to sit, under "Landscape with fields and trees".

See the work
60Landscape of Haraldskær near Vejle, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Landscape of Haraldskær near Vejle

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Landscape of Haraldskær near Vejle" explores a silent landscape, in "Landscape of Haraldskær near Vejle". "Landscape of Haraldskær near Vejle" circulates a restrained light, around "Landscape of Haraldskær near Vejle" ". "Landscape of Haraldskær near Vejle" shows how time seems to sit, under "Landscape of Haraldskær near Vejle".

See the work
61Old Christiansborg, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Old Christiansborg

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Old Christiansborg" explores a silent architecture, in "Old Christiansborg". "Old Christiansborg" rigorously balances full and empty, around "Old Christiansborg". "Old Christiansborg" shows how time seems to sit, under "Old Christiansborg".

See the work
62Snow landscape, Søndermarken, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Snow landscape, Søndermarken

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Snow Landscape, Søndermarken" explores a silent landscape, in "Snow Landscape, Søndermarken". "Snow landscape, Søndermarken" suspends the gesture before the story, around "Snow landscape, Søndermarken". "Snow landscape, Søndermarken shows how time seems to sit, under "Snow Landscape, Søndermarken".

See the work
63Young Beech Tree in Frederiksværk, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Young Beech Tree in Frederiksværk

Date1904CollectionDavid Collection, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Young Beech Tree in Frederiksværk" explores a silent landscape, in "Young Beech Tree in Frederiksværk". "Young Beech Tree in Frederiksværk" grants very similar values, around "Young Beech Tree in Frederiksværk". "Young Beech Tree in Frederiksværk" Frederiksværk shows how depth remains on hold, under "Young Beech Tree in Frederiksværk".

See the work
64Young Wood in Trørød, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Young Wood in Trørød

Date1907Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Young Wood in Trørød" explores a silent landscape, in "Young Wood in Trørød". "Young Wood in Trørød" calmly orders the verticals, around "Young Wood in Trørød". "Young Wood in Trørød" shows how depth remains on hold, under "Young Wood in Trørød".

See the work
65Woman knitting. The artist's mother, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Woman knitting. The artist's mother

Date1889CollectionDavid Collection, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

The artist's mother knits, absorbed by a daily gesture that Hammershøi makes monumental. Needle, thread and silence compose a portrait of domestic duration where there is no rush, not even wool.

See the work
66A Greek relief at the Louvre, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

A Greek relief at the Louvre

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"A Greek relief at the Louvre" explores a silent figure, in "A Greek relief at the Louvre". "A Greek relief at the Louvre" changes inaction into tension, around "A Greek relief at the Louvre". "A Greek relief at the Louvre" shows how the depth remains pending, under "A Greek relief at the Louvre".

See the work
67An Old Woman, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

An old woman

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"An Old Woman" explores a silent portrait, in "An Old Woman". "An Old Woman" circulates a restrained light, around "An Old Woman". "An Old Woman" shows how depth remains in wait, under "An Old Woman".

See the work
68Old woman standing by window, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Old woman standing by window

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Old Woman Standing Near a Window" explores a silent portrait, in "Old Woman Standing Near a Window". "Old woman standing near a window" balances rigorously full and empty, around "Old woman standing by a window. "Old Woman Standing by a Window" shows how depth remains on hold, under "Old Woman Standing by a Window".

See the work
69Architect Thorvald Bindesbøll, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Architect Thorvald Bindesbøll

Date1904CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Architect Thorvald Bindesbøll" explores a silent portrait, in "Architect Thorvald Bindesbøll". "Architect Thorvald Bindesbøll" suspends the gesture before the story, around "Architect Thorvald Bindesbøll". " Architect Thorvald Bindesbøll shows how depth remains on hold, under "Architect Thorvald Bindesbøll".

See the work
70Old woman with white headdress, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Old woman with white headdress

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Old Woman with a White Headdress" explores a silent portrait, in "Old Woman with a White Headdress". "Old woman with a white headdress" grants very similar values, around "Old woman with a white headdress". " Old Woman with a White Headdress shows how light acts without noise, under "Old Woman with a White Headdress".

See the work
71Sick Girl, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Sick girl

Date1888CollectionBrandts, OdenseFormatinformation not specified

"Sick Girl" explores a silent figure, in "Sick Girl". "Sick Young Girl" calmly orders the verticals, around "Sick Young Girl". "Sick Young Girl" shows how the light acts quietly, under "Sick Young Girl".

See the work
72Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife" explores a silent interior, in "Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife." "Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife." "Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife" connects the shapes through gray, around "Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife". "Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife" shows how the light acts without noise, under "Evening in the living room. The artist's mother and wife".

See the work
73Five Portraits, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Five Portraits

Date1901Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Five Portraits" explores a silent portrait, in "Five Portraits". "Five Portraits" changes inaction into tension, around "Five Portraits". "Five Portraits" shows how light acts without noise, under "Five Portraits".

See the work
74From the room to the balcony of Spurveskjul, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

From the room to the balcony of Spurveskjul

Date1911Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"From Spurveskjul's Balcony Room" explores a silent interior, in "From Spurveskjul's Balcony Room." "From Spurveskjul's Balcony Room" circulates a restrained light, around "From there spurveskjul Balcony Room. "From Spurveskjul Balcony Room" shows how the light acts quietly, under "From Spurveskjul Balcony Room".

See the work
75Farm in Refsnæs, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Farm in Refsnæs

Date1900CollectionDavid Collection, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Refsnæs Farm" explores a silent figure, in "Refsnæs Farm". "Refsnæs Farm" rigorously balances full and empty, around "Refsnæs Farm". "Refsnæs Farm" shows how light acts without noise, under "Refsnæs Farm".

See the work
76Near Fortunen, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Near Fortunen

Date1901CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Near Fortunen" explores a silent landscape, in "Near Fortunen". "Near Fortunen" suspends the gesture before the story, around "Near Fortunen". "Near Fortunen" shows how light acts without noise, under "Near Fortunen".

See the work
77The Frederiksholm Canal, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Frederiksholm Canal

Date1892Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The Frederiksholm Canal" explores a silent architecture, in "The Frederiksholm Canal". "The Frederiksholm Canal" grants very similar values, around "The Frederiksholm Canal". "The Frederiksholm Canal" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "The Frederiksholm Canal".

See the work
78Frederikke Amalie Hammershøi, mother of the artist, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Frederikke Amalie Hammershøi, mother of the artist

Date1894CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Frederikke Amalie Hammershøi, mother of the artist" explores a silent portrait, in "Frederikke Amalie Hammershøi, mother of the artist". "Frederikke Amalie Hammershøi, mother of the artist" calmly orders the verticals, around " Frederikke Amalie Hammershøi, mother of the artist. "Frederikke Amalie Hammershøi, mother of the artist" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "Frederikke Amalie Hammershøi, mother of the artist".

See the work
79Frederiksborg Castle, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Frederiksborg Castle

Date1914Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Frederiksborg Castle" explores silent architecture, in "Frederiksborg Castle". "Frederiksborg Castle" connects the shapes with gray, around "Frederiksborg Castle". "Frederiksborg Castle" "shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "Frederiksborg Castle".

See the work
80Farm building in front of an oat field, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Farm building in front of an oat field

Date1883Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Farm building in front of an oat field" explores a silent landscape, in "Farm building in front of an oat field". "Farm building in front of an oat field" changes inaction into tension, around "Farm building in front of an oat field. "Farm building in front of an oat field" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "Farm building in front of an oat field".

See the work
81View of the courtyard, Strandgade 30, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

View of the courtyard, Strandgade 30

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Court View, Strandgade 30" explores a silent interior, in "Court View, Strandgade 30". "Court View, Strandgade 30" circulates a restrained light, around "Court View, Strandgade 30". "View of the courtyard court, Strandgade 30" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "Court View, Strandgade 30".

See the work
82Sun in living room III, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Sun in living room III

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Sun in Living Room III" explores a silent interior, in "Sun in Living Room III". "Sun in Living Room III" rigorously balances full and empty, around "Sun in Living Room III". "Sun in living room III" shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "Sun in Living Room III".

See the work
83The Ancient Asian Company, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Old Asian Company

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The Ancient Asian Company" explores a silent architecture, in "The Ancient Asian Company". "The Ancient Asian Company" suspends the gesture before the story, around "The Ancient Asian Company". "The Ancient Asian Company shows how restraint avoids coldness, under "The Old Asian Company".

See the work
84White doors. Interior of Strandgade 25, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

White doors. Interior of Strandgade 25

Date1913Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"White doors. Strandgade 25 interior" explores a silent interior, in "White Doors. Strandgade 25 interior". "White doors. Strandgade 25 interior". "White doors. Strandgade 25 interior" grants very similar values, around "Doors white. Interior of Strandgade 25". "White doors. Interior of Strandgade 25" shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "White doors. Interior of Strandgade 25".

See the work
85Interior of the old stove, Albertines Lyst, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior of the old stove, Albertines Lyst

Date1888CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Interior of the old stove, Albertines Lyst" explores a silent figure, in "Interior of the old stove, Albertines Lyst". "Interior of the old stove, Albertines Lyst" calmly orders the verticals, around "Interior of the old stove stove, Albertines Lyst. "Interior of the old stove, Albertines Lyst" shows how each removal reinforces the presence, under "Interior of the old stove, Albertines Lyst".

See the work
86Interior of Strandgade 30, 1900, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior of Strandgade 30, 1900

Date1900Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior of Strandgade 30, 1900" explores a silent interior, in "Interior of Strandgade 30, 1900". "Interior of Strandgade 30, 1900" connects the shapes with gray, around "Interior of Strandgade 30, 1900". "Interior from Strandgade 30, 1900" shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "Interior of Strandgade 30, 1900".

See the work
87Ida in the interior of Strandgade 30, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Ida inside Strandgade 30

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Ida in the Interior of Strandgade 30" explores a silent interior, in "Ida in the Interior of Strandgade 30". "Ida in the Interior of Strandgade 30" changes inaction into tension, around "Ida in the Interior of Strandgade 30" Strandgade 30". "Ida in the interior of Strandgade 30" shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "Ida in the interior of Strandgade 30".

See the work
88The Artist's Wife seen from behind, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

The Artist's Wife seen from behind

Date1901Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"The Artist's Wife seen from behind" explores a silent figure, in "The Artist's Wife seen from behind". "The Artist's Wife seen from behind" circulates a restrained light, around "The Artist's Wife seen from behind". "The Bride from the Artist's Back View shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "The Artist's Wife's Back View".

See the work
89Interior with the artist's mother, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with the artist's mother

Date1889CollectionNationalmuseum, StockholmFormatinformation not specified

"Interior with the artist's mother" explores a silent portrait, in "Interior with the artist's mother". "Interior with the artist's mother" rigorously balances full and empty, around "Interior with the artist's mother" the artist. "Interior with the artist's mother" shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "Interior with the artist's mother".

See the work
90Interior with a young man reading, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior with a young man reading

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior with a young man reading" explores a silent figure, in "Interior with a young man reading". "Interior with a young man reading" suspends the gesture before the story, around "Interior with a young man reading ". "Interior with a young man reading" shows how each withdrawal reinforces the presence, under "Interior with a young man reading".

See the work
91Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906

Date1906Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906" explores a silent interior, in "Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906". "Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906" grants very similar values, around "Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906". "Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906" grants very similar values, around "Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906". "Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906 shows how silence gains density, under "Interior, Strandgade 30, 1906".

See the work
92JF Willumsen, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

JF Willumsen

Date1901CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"JF Willumsen" explores a silent portrait, in "JF Willumsen". "JF Willumsen" calmly orders the verticals, around "JF Willumsen". "JF Willumsen" shows how silence gains density, under "JF Willumsen".

See the work
93Ida Hammershøi, the artist's wife, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Ida Hammershøi, the artist's wife

Date1894CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Ida Hammershøi, the artist's wife" explores a silent portrait, in "Ida Hammershøi, the artist's wife". "Ida Hammershøi, the artist's wife" connects the shapes through gray, around "Ida Hammershøi, the artist's wife" the artist. "Ida Hammershøi, the artist's wife" shows how silence gains density, under "Ida Hammershøi, the artist's wife".

See the work
94Woman seen from behind, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Woman seen from behind

Date1888CollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Woman seen from behind" explores a silent portrait, in "Woman seen from behind". "Woman seen from behind" changes inaction into tension, around "Woman seen from behind". "Woman seen from behind" shows how silence gains density, under "Woman seen from behind".

See the work
95Woman reading on a sofa, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Woman reading on a sofa

Date1892Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Woman Reading on a Sofa" explores a silent portrait, in "Woman Reading on a Sofa". "Woman reading on a sofa" circulates a restrained light, around "Woman reading on a sofa". "Woman reading on a sofa" shows how silence gains density, under "Woman reading on a sofa".

See the work
96Early spring on Bernstorffvejen, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Early spring in Bernstorffvejen

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionNational Museum, OsloFormatinformation not specified

"Early Spring on Bernstorffvejen" explores a silent landscape, in "Early Spring on Bernstorffvejen". "Early Spring on Bernstorffvejen" balances rigorously full and empty, around "Early Spring on Bernstorffvejen. "Beginning of spring on Bernstorffvejen" shows how silence gains density, under "Beginning of spring on Bernstorffvejen".

See the work
97Attic with table and chair, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Attic with table and chair

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Attic with table and chair" explores a silent figure, in "Attic with table and chair". "Attic with table and chair" suspends the gesture before the story, around "Attic with table and chair". "Attic with table and chair". chair shows how silence gains density, under "Attic with table and chair".

See the work
98Standing nude female model, in profile, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Nude female model standing, in profile

Date1886Collectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Standing nude female model, in profile" explores a silent portrait, in "Standing nude female model, in profile". "Standing nude female model, in profile" grants very similar values, around "Standing nude female model, in profile ". "Standing nude female model, in profile" shows how the gaze ends up hearing, under "Standing nude female model, in profile".

See the work
99Naked female model, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Naked female model

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectionStatens Museum for Kunst, CopenhagenFormatinformation not specified

"Naked Female Model" explores a silent portrait, in "Naked Female Model". "Naked Female Model" calmly orders the verticals, around "Naked Female Model". "Naked Female Model" shows how the gaze ends up hearing, under "Naked Female Model".

See the work
100Still life with a glass of wine and peeled orange, painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi

Vilhelm Hammershøi

Still life with wine glass and peeled orange

Dateinformation not specifiedCollectioninformation not specifiedFormatinformation not specified

"Still Life with a Glass of Wine and Peeled Orange" explores a silent figure, in "Still Life with a Glass of Wine and Peeled Orange". "Still Life with a Glass of Wine and Peeled Orange" connects the shapes with gray, around " Still life with a glass of wine and peeled orange. "Still life with a glass of wine and peeled orange" shows how the eye finally hears, under "Still life with a glass of wine and peeled orange".

See the work

0 comments

Leave a comment

Please note that comments must be approved before they are published.