Great route of modern art from Pakistan

100 works pakistani painting

From the Punjabi narrative to the modernisms of Lahore and Karachi, One Hundred Oils tell a story of color, matter, body and signs.

100oil paintings
20essential artists
5historical chapters
Heer and Ranjha - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 1960, Oil on canvas
The great Punjabi storyHeer and Ranjha - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 1960

Painting a country in the making

Modern Pakistani painting is born in a moment of displacement. After 1947, artists, teachers and workshops had to invent images capable of speaking of a new territory without breaking with the memories of the subcontinent. THE punjab landscape, city, human figure, calligraphy and ornament become places of common research.

In Lahore as in Karachi, exchanges with London, Paris and European modernisms fuel this transformation. However, cubism, expressionism or abstraction are never simply imported: they are reformulated in contact of Urdu poetry, Islamic architecture, popular stories and Pakistan's political experience.

Chapter 0112 works

Twelve milestones in Pakistani painting

These twelve works outline the great tensions of Pakistani painting since independence: the popular narrative and the land of Punjab, modernist construction, the experience of the city, the body, the sign and calligraphy. Allah Bakhsh, Zubeida Agha, Shakir Ali, Sadequain, Gulgee and their contemporaries do not illustrate a single school; they invent several ways of giving visible form to a new country.

001Heer and Ranjha - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 1960, Oil on canvas

Ustad Allah Bakhsh

Heer and Ranjha

Date: 1960·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Heer and Ranjha", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Allah Bakhsh associates the naturalism learned from court painters with the poetic imagination of Punjab; the popular story becomes a large scene, crossed by light and daily gestures.

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002Group of standing figures - Sadequain, 1963, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Group of standing figures

Date: 1963·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Group of standing figures" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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003Karachi in flames - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Zubeida Agha

Karachi in flames

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Karachi in Flames", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience more mental than descriptive. Zubeida Agha constructs space through frank flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase cease to be descriptive to become color architectures.

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004Untitled (Allah) - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Allah)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Allah)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, brush trajectories and chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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005The Musician - Shakir Ali, 20th century, Oil on panel

Shakir Ali

The Musician

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "The Musician", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Shakir Ali simplifies the body and the object up to the sign, while retaining a silent gravity inherited from Cézanne, cubism and the popular arts of the subcontinent.

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006Chess pieces - Anwar Jalal Shemza, 1965, Oil on canvas

Anwar Jalal Shemza

Chess pieces

Date: 1965·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Chess Pieces", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Shemza combines the circle, the square, the letter and the architectural motif in a sensitive geometry where European modernism and Islamic memory respond to each other.

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007Untitled (The Game) - Ahmed Parvez, 1954, Oil on hard panel

Ahmed Parvez

Untitled (The Game)

Date: 1954·
Technique: Oil on hard panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (The Game)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Ahmed Parvez proliferates nervous and colorful forms which hesitate between plant, figure and sign; the energy of the gesture keeps the surface in a state of continuous tension.

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008Last Farewells II - Anna Molka Ahmed, 1952, Oil on canvas

Anna Molka Ahmed

Last goodbyes II

Date: 1952·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Last Farewells II", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Anna Molka Ahmed works the dough with vigor: the impasto, browns and luminous bursts give the faces and landscapes an almost sculptural presence.

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009Untitled (La Pietà) - Jamil Naqsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (La Pietà)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (La Pietà)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; sensual matter and the soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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010Untitled (Figure on horseback) - Ali Imam, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ali Imam

Untitled (Horse figure)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Figure on Horseback)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Ali Imam observes the figure, the animal and the city with a solid construction, then leaves the color and the simplification of volumes moving reality towards inner meditation.

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011Corrosion - Laila Shahzada, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Laila Shahzada

Corrosion

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Corrosion", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Laila Shahzada extracts from the walls, floors and archaeological remains a poetry of matter where erosion becomes visible memory.

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012Lonely girl - Bashir Mirza, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Bashir Mirza

Lonely girl

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Lonely Young Girl" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Bashir Mirza combines frontal portrait, solitude and emblematic color; behind the apparent simplicity, each silhouette carries a precise psychological tension.

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Chapter 0215 works

Punjab paints: story, earth and light

In Allah Bakhsh's painting, Punjabi folklore takes on the breadth of a shared history. Anna Molka Ahmed then transforms landscapes, workers and portraits with thick material and striking light, while Ghulam Rasul leads the territory towards a more stripped-down vision. The countryside is never a simple setting: it becomes memory, work and identity.

013Living waste - Anna Molka Ahmed, 20th century, Oil on panel

Anna Molka Ahmed

Living waste

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Living Waste", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Anna Molka Ahmed works the dough with vigor: the impasto, browns and luminous bursts give the faces and landscapes an almost sculptural presence.

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014Portrait of a Boy - Anna Molka Ahmed, 20th Century, Oil on Panel

Anna Molka Ahmed

Portrait of a boy

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Portrait of a Boy" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Anna Molka Ahmed works the dough with vigor: the impasto, browns and luminous bursts give the faces and landscapes an almost sculptural presence.

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015Portrait of Habib Burkee - Anna Molka Ahmed, 1960, Oil on panel

Anna Molka Ahmed

Portrait of Habib Burkee

Date: 1960·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Portrait of Habib Burkee", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Anna Molka Ahmed works the dough with vigor: the impasto, browns and luminous bursts give the faces and landscapes an almost sculptural presence.

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016The Traveler - Anna Molka Ahmed, 20th century, Oil on panel

Anna Molka Ahmed

The traveler

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "The Traveler", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Anna Molka Ahmed works the dough with vigor: the impasto, the browns and the luminous bursts give the faces and landscapes an almost sculptural presence.

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017Untitled (Landscape) - Anna Molka Ahmed, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Anna Molka Ahmed

Untitled (Landscape)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (Landscape)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Anna Molka Ahmed works the dough with vigor: impasto, browns and luminous bursts give faces and landscapes an almost sculptural presence.

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018Untitled (Portrait of a Man) - Anna Molka Ahmed, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Anna Molka Ahmed

Untitled (Portrait of a Man)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled (Portrait of a Man)", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Anna Molka Ahmed works the dough with vigor: the impasto, browns and luminous bursts give the faces and landscapes an almost sculptural presence.

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019Untitled (Landscape) - Ghulam Rasul, 2003, Oil on canvas mounted on panel

Ghulam Rasul

Untitled (Landscape)

Date: 2003·
Technique: Oil on canvas mounted on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Landscape)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Ghulam Rasul constructs the landscape with economy, giving the walls, fields and horizons the meditative clarity of a place observed for a long time.

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020Untitled (The Wall) - Ghulam Rasul, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ghulam Rasul

Untitled (The Wall)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (The Wall)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Ghulam Rasul constructs the landscape with economy, giving the walls, fields and horizons the meditative clarity of a place observed for a long time.

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021Untitled - composition 1 - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ustad Allah Bakhsh

Untitled - composition 1

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled - composition 1", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Allah Bakhsh associates the naturalism learned from court painters with the poetic imagination of Punjab; the story popular becomes a wide stage, crossed by light and daily gestures.

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022Untitled - composition 2 - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ustad Allah Bakhsh

Untitled - composition 2

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled - composition 2" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Allah Bakhsh associates the naturalism learned from court painters with the poetic imagination of Punjab; the story popular becomes a wide stage, crossed by light and daily gestures.

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023Untitled - composition 3 - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 1963, Oil on panel

Ustad Allah Bakhsh

Untitled - composition 3

Date: 1963·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled - composition 3", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Allah Bakhsh associates the naturalism learned from court painters with the poetic imagination of Punjab; the story popular becomes a wide stage, crossed by light and daily gestures.

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024Untitled (Family scene) - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ustad Allah Bakhsh

Untitled (Family scene)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Family Scene)" is based on a measured tension between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Allah Bakhsh associates the naturalism learned from court painters with the poetic imagination of Punjab; the popular story becomes a wide scene, crossed by light and daily gestures.

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025Untitled (Potato Harvest) - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 1968, Oil on canvas

Ustad Allah Bakhsh

Untitled (Potato harvest)

Date: 1968·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Potato Harvest)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Allah Bakhsh combines the naturalism learned from court painters with the poetic imagination of Punjab ; the popular story becomes a wide scene, crossed by light and daily gestures.

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026Untitled (Young Shepherdess) - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 1961, Oil on canvas

Ustad Allah Bakhsh

Untitled (Young Shepherdess)

Date: 1961·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Young Shepherdess)", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Allah Bakhsh associates the naturalism learned from court painters with the poetic imagination of Punjab; the story popular becomes a wide stage, crossed by light and daily gestures.

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027Untitled (Tree) - Ustad Allah Bakhsh, 20th century, Oil on panel

Ustad Allah Bakhsh

Untitled (Tree)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (Tree)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Allah Bakhsh associates the naturalism learned from court painters with the poetic imagination of Punjab; the popular story becomes a large scene, crossed by light and daily gestures.

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Chapter 0319 works

The Lahore Art Circle and the invention of modernism

In Lahore, artists and teachers open painting to international debates without erasing local forms. Zubeida Agha liberates color, Shakir Ali transmits the lessons of cubism, Ahmed Parvez makes the line proliferate, Shemza confronting geometry and calligraphy, Ali Imam reorganizes the figure and the city. Their modernism is less an imitation than a laboratory.

028Beer mug - Ahmed Parvez, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ahmed Parvez

Beer mug

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Beer Mug", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Ahmed Parvez proliferates nervous and colorful forms which hesitate between plant, figure and sign; the energy of the gesture keeps the surface in a state of continuous tension.

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029Untitled - composition 1 - Ahmed Parvez, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ahmed Parvez

Untitled - composition 1

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled - composition 1" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Ahmed Parvez proliferates nervous and colorful forms which hesitate between plant, figure and sign ; the energy of the gesture keeps the surface in a state of direct tension.

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030Untitled (The Man of Sorrows) - Ahmed Parvez, 20th century, Oil on hard panel

Ahmed Parvez

Untitled (The Man of Sorrows)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on hard panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (The Man of Sorrows)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Ahmed Parvez proliferates nervous and colorful forms which hesitate between plant, figure and sign; the energy of the gesture keeps the surface in a state of direct tension.

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031Untitled (Vase) - Ahmed Parvez, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ahmed Parvez

Untitled (Vase)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Vase)", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Ahmed Parvez proliferates nervous and colorful forms which hesitate between plant, figure and sign; the energy of the gesture keeps the surface in a state of continuous tension.

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032Roosters - Ali Imam, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ali Imam

Roosters

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Coqs" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Ali Imam observes the figure, the animal and the city with a solid construction, then lets the color and the simplification of volumes move reality towards an interior meditation.

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033Untitled - composition 1 - Ali Imam, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ali Imam

Untitled - composition 1

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled - composition 1", the familiar motif is moved towards an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Ali Imam observes the figure, the animal and the city with a solid construction, then lets the color and the simplification of the volumes move reality towards an inner meditation.

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034Untitled (City, night) - Ali Imam, 20th century, Oil on panel

Ali Imam

Untitled (City, night)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (City, Night)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Ali Imam observes the figure, the animal and the city with solid construction, then leaves the color and the simplification of volumes moves reality towards an inner meditation.

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035Untitled (City, by day) - Ali Imam, 20th century, Oil on panel

Ali Imam

Untitled (City, day)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (City, the Day)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the whole scene. Ali Imam observes the figure, the animal and the city with a solid construction, then leaves the color and the simplification of volumes moving reality towards inner meditation.

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036Untitled (Winter Landscape) - Ali Imam, 20th century, Oil on panel

Ali Imam

Untitled (Winter Landscape)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Winter Landscape)", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Ali Imam observes the figure, the animal and the city with a solid construction, then leaves the color and the simplification of volumes moving reality towards inner meditation.

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037Blue vase - Anwar Jalal Shemza, 20th century, Oil on canvas mounted on panel

Anwar Jalal Shemza

Blue vase

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas mounted on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Blue Vase" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Shemza combines the circle, the square, the letter and the architectural motif in a sensitive geometry where European modernism and Islamic memory respond to each other.

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038Le Soir - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Zubeida Agha

The evening

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Le Soir", the familiar motif is shifted towards an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Zubeida Agha constructs space through frank flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase cease to be descriptive to become architectures of color.

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039Female composition - Zubeida Agha, 1945, Oil on canvas

Zubeida Agha

Female composition

Date: 1945·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Feminine Composition" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Zubeida Agha constructs space through sharp flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase ceases to be descriptive to become architectures of color.

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040The Deserted Village - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas mounted on panel

Zubeida Agha

The deserted Village

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas mounted on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "The Deserted Village", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Zubeida Agha constructs the space in sharp flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase cease to be descriptive to become color architectures.

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041Tennis Players - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Zubeida Agha

Tennis Players

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "The Tennis Players", the subject is first imposed by the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Zubeida Agha constructs space through frank flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase cease to be descriptive to become color architectures.

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042Untitled (Urban view) - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Zubeida Agha

Untitled (Urban view)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (Urban View)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Zubeida Agha constructs space through sharp flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase cease to be descriptive and become architectures of color.

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043Untitled (Flowers in a Vase) - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Zubeida Agha

Untitled (Flowers in a Vase)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled (Flowers in a Vase)", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience more mental than descriptive. Zubeida Agha constructs space through frank flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase cease to be descriptive and become architectures of color.

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044Untitled (Self-portrait) - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Zubeida Agha

Untitled (Self-portrait)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Self-portrait)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Zubeida Agha constructs space in sharp flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or vase cease to be descriptive to become architectures of color.

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045Untitled (Vase on colored background) - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas mounted on panel

Zubeida Agha

Untitled (Vase on colored background)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas mounted on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Vase on Colorful Background)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Zubeida Agha constructs the space with frank flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase ceases to be descriptive to become architectures of color.

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046Untitled (Village scene) - Zubeida Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Zubeida Agha

Untitled (Village scene)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Village Scene)", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Zubeida Agha constructs space through frank flat areas, angular rhythms and fiery contrasts; the city, the figure or the vase cease to be descriptive and become architectures of color.

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Chapter 0427 works

Body, sign and calligraphy

Sadequain and Ismail Gulgee give Pakistani painting two immediately recognizable languages. In Sadequain, the body tenses to become writing; in Gulgee, the letter changes into gesture, material and energy. THE religious or poetic sign leaves the page to occupy the physical space of the canvas.

047Allah - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Allah

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Allah" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: the thick oil, the trajectories of the brush and the chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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048Nathia - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Nathia

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Nathia", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: the thick oil, brush trajectories and chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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049Untitled - composition 1 - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled - composition 1

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled - composition 1" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, brush trajectories and the chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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050Untitled - composition 2 - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled - composition 2

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled - composition 2", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, brush trajectories and chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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051Untitled - composition 3 - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled - composition 3

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled - composition 3", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: the thick oil, the trajectories of the brush and the chromatic bursts give the sign a monumental power.

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052Untitled (Abstraction) - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Abstraction)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (Abstraction)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: the thick oil, the trajectories of the brush and the chromatic bursts give the sign a monumental power.

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053Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 2 - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 2

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 2", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience more mental than descriptive. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, brush trajectories and chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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054Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 3 - Ismail Gulgee, 2004, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 3

Date: 2004·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 3" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, trajectories of brush and chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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055Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 4 - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 4

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Abstraction) - variant 4", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, brush trajectories and chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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056Untitled (Two Abstractions) - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Two Abstractions)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Two Abstractions)", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, brush trajectories and chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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057Untitled (Allah calligraphed) - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Allah calligraphed)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (Allah calligraphed)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, brush trajectories and chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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058Untitled (Calligraphy) - Ismail Gulgee, 1998, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Calligraphy)

Date: 1998·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled (Calligraphy)", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience more mental than descriptive. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: the thick oil, the brush trajectories and the chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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059Untitled (Polo players) - Ismail Gulgee, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Ismail Gulgee

Untitled (Polo players)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Polo Players)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Gulgee transforms calligraphy into a physical event: thick oil, brush trajectories and the chromatic bursts give the sign monumental power.

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060Acrobats - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Acrobats

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Acrobats", light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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061Calligraphy - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Calligraphy

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Calligraphy", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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062Crucifix - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Crucifix

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Crucifix" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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063Crucifixion - Sadequain, 1968, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Crucifixion

Date: 1968·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Crucifixion", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience more mental than descriptive. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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064Figures - Sadequain, 1966, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Figures

Date: 1966·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Figures" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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065Four musicians - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Four musicians

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Four Musicians", light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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066Painter in Paris - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Painter in Paris

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Painter in Paris", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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067Seated figure - Sadequain, 1959, Oil on panel

Sadequain

Seated figure

Date: 1959·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Sitting figure" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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068Sunrise - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Sunrise

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Sunrise", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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069Untitled (Figurative form in red) - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Untitled (Figurative form in red)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Figurative Form in Red)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; there human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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070Untitled (Portrait of a woman) - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on masonite

Sadequain

Untitled (Portrait of a Woman)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on masonite ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Portrait of a Woman)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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071Untitled (Portrait of a woman) - variant 2 - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on masonite

Sadequain

Untitled (Portrait of a Woman) - variant 2

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on masonite ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Portrait of a Woman) - variant 2", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; fragility human takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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072Untitled (Rubaiyat-e-Sadequain) - Sadequain, 1970, Oil on canvas

Sadequain

Untitled (Rubaiyat-e-Sadequain)

Date: 1970·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (Rubaiyat-e-Sadequain)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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073Untitled (Sitting nude) - Sadequain, 20th century, Oil on panel

Sadequain

Untitled (Sitting nude)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled (Sitting Naked)", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Sadequain stretches bodies into networks of edges, hands and calligraphic lines; human fragility takes on a mystical, social and theatrical dimension.

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Chapter 0527 works

Figures, doves and inner worlds

From the meditative nude of Colin David to the doves of Jamil Naqsh, from the solitude of Bashir Mirza to the dream landscapes of Raja Changez Sultan, the last part explores a more interior modernity. Lubna Agha, Laila Shahzada, Mansur Aye, Nahid Raza, Masood Kohari and Tassaduq Sohail show how ornament, dreams, memory and the body can renew oil on canvas.

074The Art of the Moon - Bashir Mirza, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Bashir Mirza

The Moon Art

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "The Art of the Moon" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Bashir Mirza combines frontal portrait, solitude and emblematic color; behind the apparent simplicity, each silhouette carries a precise psychological tension.

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075Compromise 6 - Bashir Mirza, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Bashir Mirza

Compromise 6

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Compromise 6", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Bashir Mirza combines frontal portrait, solitude and emblematic color; behind the apparent simplicity, each silhouette carries a precise psychological tension.

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076King David - Colin David, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Colin David

King David

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "King David", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Colin David grants the body a calm and dense presence, shaped by a restrained light and a palette that prefers nuance to spectacular effect.

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077Portrait of Colonel Colin Campbell - Colin David, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Colin David

Portrait of Colonel Colin Campbell

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Portrait of Colonel Colin Campbell" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Colin David gives the body a calm and dense presence, shaped by restrained light and a palette that prefers nuance to spectacular effect.

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078Untitled (Nude) - Colin David, 20th century, Oil on panel

Colin David

Untitled (Nude)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on panel ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled (Nude)", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Colin David grants the body a calm and dense presence, shaped by a restrained light and a palette that prefers nuance to spectacular effect.

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079Plate 277 - Jamil Naqsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Plate 277

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Plate 277" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; sensual matter and soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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080Untitled (Back) - Jamil Naqsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (Back)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Back)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; the sensual material and the flexible contours transform the recurring motif into intimate variation.

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081Untitled (Calligraphy) - Jamil Naqsh, 1974, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (Calligraphy)

Date: 1974·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Calligraphy)", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; sensual matter and soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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082Untitled (Pigeons) - Jamil Naqsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (Pigeons)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (Pigeons)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; sensual matter and soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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083Untitled (Pigeons) - variant 2 - Jamil Naqsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (Pigeons) - variant 2

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled (Pigeons) - variant 2", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience more mental than descriptive. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; sensual matter and the soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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084Untitled (Sitting Woman) - Jamil Naqsh, 1981, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (Woman seated)

Date: 1981·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Sitting Woman)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; the material sensual and soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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085Untitled (Woman and Dove) - Jamil Naqsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (Woman and Dove)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Woman and Dove)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; sensual matter and soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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086Untitled (Woman with the Dove) - Jamil Naqsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (Woman with the Dove)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Woman with the Dove)", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; sensual matter and the soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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087Untitled (Woman with a Dove) - Jamil Naqsh, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Jamil Naqsh

Untitled (Woman with a Dove)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled (Woman with a Dove)" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Jamil Naqsh brings the female body and the dove into dialogue in a space without gravity; sensual matter and the soft contours transform the recurring pattern into intimate variation.

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088Untitled - composition 1 - Lubna Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Lubna Agha

Untitled - composition 1

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled - composition 1", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Lubna Agha organizes color into complex decorative fields, nourished by architecture and ornament, without renouncing the vibrant depth specific to painting.

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089Untitled - composition 2 - Lubna Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Lubna Agha

Untitled - composition 2

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled - composition 2" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Lubna Agha organizes color into complex decorative fields, nourished by architecture and ornament, without renouncing the vibrant depth specific to painting.

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090Untitled - composition 3 - Lubna Agha, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Lubna Agha

Untitled - composition 3

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled - composition 3", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Lubna Agha organizes color into complex decorative fields, nourished by architecture and ornament, without renouncing the vibrant depth specific to painting.

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091Untitled - composition 1 - Mansur Aye, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Mansur Aye

Untitled - composition 1

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled - composition 1", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Mansur Aye reduces the face to a melodic line and a few colorful chords, achieving an instantly recognizable elegance.

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092Untitled - composition 2 - Mansur Aye, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Mansur Aye

Untitled - composition 2

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Untitled - composition 2" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Mansur Aye reduces the face to a melodic line and a few colorful chords, achieving an instantly recognizable elegance.

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093Song to the Moon - Masood Kohari, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Masood Kohari

Song to the moon

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Song to the Moon", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Masood Kohari combines figure, dream and color in fluid compositions where the subject seems to emerge from a nocturnal light.

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094Untitled (Two Young Girls) - Masood Kohari, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Masood Kohari

Untitled (Two young girls)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Two Young Girls)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Masood Kohari combines figure, dream and color in fluid compositions where the subject seems to emerge from a nocturnal light.

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095Untitled (Three Women) - Nahid Raza, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Nahid Raza

Untitled (Three Women)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Three Women)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Nahid Raza places the female figure at the center of a direct painting, where the body becomes the place of a social and emotional experience.

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096Himalayan Odyssey - Raja Changez Sultan, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Raja Change Sultan

Himalayan Odyssey

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Himalayan Odyssey", the subject imposes itself first of all through the balance of the masses and the circulation of the gaze. Raja Change Sultan envelops the Himalayas and its figures with luminous veils; the real landscape rises towards an interior, almost musical vision.

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097Himalayan Odyssey - Sunrise - Raja Changez Sultan, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Raja Change Sultan

Himalayan Odyssey - Sunrise

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

"Himalayan Odyssey - Sunrise" organizes the surface as a field of forces where color, contour and material respond to each other. Raja Change Sultan envelops the Himalayas and its figures with luminous veils; the real landscape rises towards an interior, almost musical vision.

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098Untitled (Rider gathering horses) - Tassaduq Sohail, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Tassaduq Sohail

Untitled (Rider gathering horses)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

With "Untitled (Rider Gathering Horses)", the familiar motif is shifted to an experience that is more mental than descriptive. Tassaduq Sohail populates his landscapes with riders, animals and worried figures; the tale shifts towards a dreamlike theater with unstable relationships of scale.

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099Untitled (Figures fleeing a boat) - Tassaduq Sohail, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Tassaduq Sohail

Untitled (Figures fleeing a boat)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

The composition of "Untitled (Figures fleeing a boat)" is based on a tension measured between figurative presence and autonomy of color. Tassaduq Sohail populates his landscapes with riders, animals and worried figures; the tale switch to a dreamlike theater with unstable relationships of scale.

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100Untitled (Three Figures and a Horse) - Tassaduq Sohail, 20th century, Oil on canvas

Tassaduq Sohail

Untitled (Three figures and a horse)

Date: 20th century·
Technique: Oil on canvas ·
Collection: Private collection · Bonhams ·

In "Untitled (Three Figures and a Horse)", the light does not just illuminate: it gives its rhythm to the entire scene. Tassaduq Sohail populates his landscapes with riders, animals and worried figures; the tale shifts towards a dreamlike theater with unstable relationships of scale.

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Modernity without a single model

From the monumental folklore of Allah Bakhsh to the pictorial alphabets of Sadequain and Gulgee, from the geometry of Shemza to the figures of Jamil Naqsh, Pakistani painting advances through translations, tensions and repetitions. Its wealth comes precisely of this plurality: each canvas makes modernity a situated language, sensitive to memory as much as to the present.

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