The Scream - Edvard Munch
#1 - The Scream

Top 100 - Expressionism

Expressionism: 100 famous paintings where emotion takes over

From Munch and Ensor to Die Brücke, Der Blaue Reiter and Beckmann: a hundred paintings where color, body and city stop pretending to be perfectly fine.

Expressionism does not copy the world: it shows what the world does to the nerves. A sky can scream, a street become sharp and a portrait confess more than its model had planned to tell.

100classified works
33artists represented
1905Die Brücke is forming
1 nerveput to the test
DeformEmotional accuracy comes before anatomical politeness.
IntensifyColor says out loud what the subject thought he would keep to himself.
InkThe line cuts, deepens and gives the silence a surprisingly sonorous voice.
To livePortraits and landscapes become open-air interior states.

The paint increases the volume

The world, seen from the nerves

Born from several homes rather than a single doctrine, expressionism took shape between the end of the 19th century and the interwar period. Munch and Ensor lead the way; Die Brücke electrifies the city and the body; Der Blaue Reiter confides color has a spiritual mission; Beckmann and Soutine prolonged the shock after 1918. The common thread is not a recipe but a decision: distorting the visible when a too correct resemblance becomes less accurate than emotion.

Expressionism does not ask reality to pose gently: it passes through it, colors it and makes it admit what it felt behind the facade.
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Works in pictures

I

Precursors give shape to anxiety

Munch and Ensor show before 1900 that a landscape, a mask or a crowd can carry an emotion truer than their appearance.

The Scream - Edvard Munch, painting #1
Edvard Munch

The cry

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Painted in 1893, The Scream condenses a walk above Kristiania's fjord in universal panic. The character covers his ears while the sky, water and road seem to produce the howl. Munch no longer describes a place: it gives a visible form to modern anxiety, with an economy of means that has become immediately recognizable.

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The Entry of Christ into Brussels - James Ensor, painting #2
James Ensor

The Entry of Christ into Brussels

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Ensor installs Christ's entrance into contemporary Brussels, among fanfares, banners and a carnival crowd reluctant to meditate. Completed in 1888, this immense painting transformed the religious scene into political satire. The tiny Christ advances almost incognito; society occupies the entire width and makes much more noise.

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The Night - Max Beckmann, painting #3
Max Beckmann

The night

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Night was born after the First World War, when Beckmann returned from the deeply upset front. In a room that is too narrow, violence twists bodies and breaks any reassuring perspective. The work of 1918-1919 does not tell one specific episode: it makes the home itself a trap, a brutal image of a Germany emerging from war without finding peace.

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Self-portrait as a soldier - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #4
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Self-portrait as a soldier

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In 1915, Kirchner depicted himself in uniform, his right hand symbolically severed, although he had not lost it. Behind him, a nude recalls the studio and the life of a painter threatened by war. This self-portrait is therefore not one medical document, but the psychological assessment of an artist who fears he will no longer be able to create.

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Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, painting #5
Wassily Kandinsky

Composition VII

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Composition VII was painted in Munich in 1913 after a long preparation of drawings and studies. Kandinsky circulates echoes of Flood, Resurrection and Last Judgment without enclosing them in a readable story. The forms are collide, dissolve and be reborn: abstraction here becomes an emotional experience on the scale of a storm.

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Blue Horse I - Franz Marc, painting #6
Franz Marc

Blue horse I

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Franz Marc painted Blue Horse I in 1911, at the moment when the animal became for him a means of escaping the human gaze on the world. Blue carries spiritual value, the horse's curves respond to the hills and nature seems to form a single organism. The result retains the sweetness of an apparition while announcing Der Blaue Reiter.

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Death and Maiden - Egon Schiele, painting #7
Egon Schiele

Death and Young Girl

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Death and Maiden dates from 1915, the year Schiele was drafted and married Edith Harms after breaking up with Wally Neuzil. The embrace feels as much like a farewell as it does a fight against separation. The sheets become a stony floor, the bodies hang on, and the title transforms an intimate story into an almost medieval funeral scene.

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Madonna - Edvard Munch, painting #8
Edvard Munch

Madonna

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Between 1894 and 1895, Munch painted Madonna in the cycle he called the Frieze of Life. The figure oscillates between ecstasy, motherhood and disappearance; her red halo is not a tidy liturgical accessory. This ambiguity scandalizes as much as it fascinates, because Munch replaces the feminine ideal with a sensual and disturbing presence.

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Street in Berlin - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #9
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Street in Berlin

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Street in Berlin belongs to the urban scenes painted by Kirchner before 1914. The elegant and passers-by pass each other without really meeting, compressed by a sharp perspective and acidic colors. The big city becomes one theater of desire, commerce and solitude where everyone seems in a hurry, even when no one knows very well where.

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Self-portrait on the sixth wedding anniversary - Paula Modersohn-Becker, painting #10
Paula Modersohn-Becker

Self-portrait on the sixth wedding anniversary

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In 1906, Paula Modersohn-Becker painted herself pregnant when she was not, shirtless, holding her stomach with sovereign gravity. The work affirms an identity as an artist and a woman outside the conventions of bourgeois portraiture. She seems prophetic today: the following year, the painter died shortly after the birth of her daughter.

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Animal destinies - Franz Marc, painting #11
Franz Marc

Animal destinies

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Animal Destiny was completed in 1913, then partially destroyed by fire in 1917. Marc had written on the reverse a sentence announcing that all existence is ardent suffering. Deer, horses and trees break in a composition apocalyptic; after the painter's death in Verdun, this animal catastrophe was often read as a premonition of war.

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The Dance of Life - Edvard Munch, painting #12
Edvard Munch

The Dance of Life

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Dance of Life organizes three ages of desire around a couple who tour the center of a summer night. Munch resumes his sentimental experiences to construct a symbolic scene rather than a faithful memory. White dresses, red and black chant innocence, passion and mourning: an entire emotional biography fits on a floor where no one dances very lightly.

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The Departure - Max Beckmann, painting #13
Max Beckmann

The departure

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Le Départ opens Beckmann's first large triptych, painted between 1932 and 1935 while the Nazi regime chased him from teaching. The side panels accumulate torture and confinement; in the center, a family crosses the sea in a almost royal light. Beckmann refuses the single explanation, but the escape clearly takes the form of a reconquered dignity.

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Five women in the street - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #14
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Five women in the street

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

With Five Women on the Street, Kirchner transforms Berlin's promenade into a nervous frieze. The elongated silhouettes, sharp hats and faces masked by makeup give passers-by an almost dangerous elegance. Painted in 1913, the work captures the modern spectacle while revealing the social tension hidden behind its impeccable display cases.

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Self-portrait with Physalis - Egon Schiele, painting #15
Egon Schiele

Self-portrait with Physalis

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Schiele painted this self-portrait in 1912, surrounding his head and torso with a void that makes every gesture steeper. The red physalis functions as fragile punctuation in the face of the angular face. The artist does not seek to flatter his model, which is good since it's about him: he examines his own body as unstable territory.

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The Yellow Cow - Franz Marc, painting #16
Franz Marc

The Yellow Cow

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Yellow Cow, painted in 1911, leaps into a landscape whose curves extend its movement. Marc readily associates colors with spiritual and emotional qualities; yellow brings here a luminous, almost joyful energy. The animal is neither zoological study nor rural setting: it becomes the sensitive measure of a world still capable of harmony.

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Improvisation 28 (second version) - Wassily Kandinsky, painting #17
Wassily Kandinsky

Improvisation 28 (second version)

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Improvisation 28 belongs to Kandinsky's research on a painting freed from literal narrative. Produced in 1912, its second version mixes boat, wave, cannon and mountain signs with colorful thrusts. The look recognizes fragments then immediately loses them, like a memory crossed by the din of the times.

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The Plot - James Ensor, painting #18
James Ensor

The Plot

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In L'Intrigue, painted in 1890, masks hug a woman and her companion in an atmosphere of public rumor. Ensor knew about these accessories from the family shop in Ostend, but he made more of them than a souvenir carnival. Hidden faces seem more indiscreet than naked faces, a nice paradox and quite bad news for the couple.

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Puberty - Edvard Munch, painting #19
Edvard Munch

Puberty

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Puberty places a naked teenager at the edge of a bed, arms crossed in front of her body. Its disproportionate shadow stands on the wall like a second presence. Munch took up this subject again in the 1890s to evoke less of a biological age only a psychic threshold: self-discovery arrives here without instructions and with heavy silence.

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Self-portrait 1912 - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #20
Alexej von Jawlensky

Self-portrait 1912

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Jawlensky painted this self-portrait in 1912, at the height of his Munich period. The thick contours and bold colors not only describe the features; they give the face an almost iconic authority. The Russian painter combines the frontality of sacred images with modern chromatic freedom, making his own head a spiritual laboratory.

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The Tower of the Blue Horses - Franz Marc, painting #21
Franz Marc

The Tower of the Blue Horses

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Tower of the Blue Horses, painted in 1913, was once one of Franz Marc's most famous works. Acquired for the Nationalgalerie, later shown in the Nazi exhibition of "degenerate art", it disappeared after the Second War worldwide. Its monumental composition is only known through color photographs and reproductions, which reinforces its aura.

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Portrait of Erna Schilling - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #22
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Portrait of Erna Schilling

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Erna Schilling shares Kirchner's life in Berlin and then in Switzerland. In this 1913 portrait, her elongated face, hat and clothing are simplified into clean surfaces that evoke both model intimacy and sophistication urban. Kirchner paints a real companion without renouncing the angular theater of the metropolis.

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Cardinal and Nun (Caresse) - Egon Schiele, painting #23
Egon Schiele

Cardinal and Nun (Caresse)

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Cardinal and Nun, also called La Caresse, transposed Klimt's Kiss into a much less comfortable register in 1912. Schiele and Wally serve as models; the red and black embrace seems forbidden, stiff and almost painful. Where Klimt's gold promised envelopment, Schiele lets desire in with its scruples, angles and consequences.

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Woman in a Green Jacket - August Macke, painting #24
August Macke

Woman in green jacket

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Woman in Green Jacket belongs to the walking scenes where Macke observes fashion, windows and modern leisure. The figure stands out in colorful blocks, without losing the daily softness that distinguishes the painter from his companions more tormented. Expressionism can therefore speak in a calm voice; color still takes care of leading the conversation.

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Meditation - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #25
Alexej von Jawlensky

Meditation

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Jawlensky devoted his last years to small Meditations painted almost daily despite debilitating arthritis. The face is reduced to a few dark and luminous bands, close to an icon without any particular identity. This repetition is not industrial: it accompanies an inner search where each tiny variation modifies the mood of the whole.

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II

Die Brücke puts the city and the body under tension

Kirchner, Pechstein and Schiele break the reassuring poses; streets, workshops and portraits become nervous spaces where modernity never quite holds in place.

Portrait of Charlotte Cuhrt - Max Pechstein, painting #26
Max Pechstein

Portrait of Charlotte Cuhrt

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Max Pechstein painted Charlotte Cuhrt in 1910, shortly after joining Die Brücke in Berlin. The portrait combines worldly pose, bright dress and simplified contours, but the color refuses decorative politeness. The model looks perfect master of the session; the painter uses bourgeois elegance as a pretext for a chromatic construction that is very insensitive.

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Death and the Masks - James Ensor, painting #27
James Ensor

Death and masks

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Death and the Masks pushes Ensor's carnival towards a fairly logical conclusion: even Death ends up wanting to participate. Skulls, fabrics and false faces abolish the border between comedy and threat. In this disguised society, the skeleton seems almost the only honest character, which isn't exactly a compliment to the living.

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The Family - Egon Schiele, painting #28
Egon Schiele

The family

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Family is one of Schiele's last great paintings, completed in 1918. The artist depicts himself with Edith and an imaginary child, shortly before the Spanish flu takes the couple away. The composition promises a home that will not have no place; this retrospective knowledge gives the proximity of the three bodies a gravity difficult to forget.

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Anxiety - Edvard Munch, painting #29
Edvard Munch

Anxiety

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Anxiety took over the Evening crowd on Karl Johan Avenue in 1894 and installed it under a red sky. Pale faces advance towards the viewer as the fjord landscape opens up behind them. Munch transforms the public promenade in emotional contagion: no one runs, yet the whole picture seems to be looking for an exit.

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Head of a woman - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #30
Alexej von Jawlensky

Woman's head

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

This Woman's Head shows how Jawlensky concentrates a portrait in the architecture of the face. The eyes, nose and mouth are separated by contours reminiscent of stained glass or icon, while the colors are freed from the carnation. The model remains present, but its resemblance serves above all as a starting point for an inner intensity.

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Self-portrait in a tuxedo - Max Beckmann, painting #31
Max Beckmann

Self-portrait in a tuxedo

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Beckmann adopts the tuxedo for this 1927 self-portrait, cigarette in hand and frontal gaze. The elegant garment does not mask the tension; he constructs the public image of a painter who has returned to the forefront in Weimar Germany. A few years later, the Nazis described him as degenerate. The confidence displayed then takes on a more combative flavor.

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The Blue Rider - Wassily Kandinsky, painting #32
Wassily Kandinsky

The Blue Rider

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Blue Rider was painted in 1903, well before the founding of the group of the same name. A rider quickly crosses a meadow, reduced by distance to a moving spot between forest and mountain. Kandinsky still preserves the landscape, but the color and rhythm are already starting to outweigh the descriptive detail.

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Turkish coffee - August Macke, painting #33
August Macke

Turkish coffee

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Turkish coffee comes from Macke's trip to Tunisia in the spring of 1914 with Paul Klee and Louis Moilliet. The figures, shadow and architecture are organized into colorful shots bathed in light. Easy exoticism remains at the door: Macke holds back above all an optical experience which renewed his painting a few months before his death at the front.

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Fränzi in front of a sculpted chair - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #34
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Fränzi in front of a sculpted chair

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Fränzi, a young model often painted by Die Brücke artists, sits in front of a sculpted chair. Kirchner simplifies his face and furnishes it in steep shapes inspired by the extra-European arts then admired in Dresden. THE tableau testifies both to the experimental freedom of the group and to the colonial views from which this modernity inherited.

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The Sick Child - Edvard Munch, painting #35
Edvard Munch

The Sick Child

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Munch returns for decades to the memory of his sister Sophie, who died of tuberculosis when he was a teenager. In The Sick Child, the scraped and reworked painting seems as fragile as the scene itself. During its premiere exhibition in 1886, this bill shocks; However, it will become one of the foundations of his art of memory.

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Quappi in blue - Max Beckmann, painting #36
Max Beckmann

Quappi in blue

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Quappi, nickname of Mathilde von Kaulbach, becomes Beckmann's wife and one of the essential models. In this blue portrait, his calm confidence resists thick contours and tight space. The painter does not transform his companion into passive symbol: she looks at the viewer with the authority of someone who knows the staging very well.

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The Tiger - Franz Marc, painting #37
Franz Marc

The Tiger

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Tiger, painted in 1912, condenses the animal into orange, black and green angles. Marc does not seek the naturalistic flexibility of the feline; it makes visible a contained force, ready to pounce. Cubism provides a framework, color provides it tension, and the tiger ends up occupying the canvas as an energy rather than a specimen.

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Girl with a green face - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #38
Alexej von Jawlensky

Girl with green face

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In Girl with a Green Face, Jawlensky uses an impossible color to make the portrait more present, no less human. The face becomes an accord of green, red and blue supported by firm contours. This freedom recalls Matisse, but the frontal immobility and concentration of gaze already bring the young woman closer to the future mystical heads of the painter.

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The Flayed Ox - Chaïm Soutine, painting #39
Chaïm Soutine

The Flayed Ox

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Soutine painted several beef carcasses in the 1920s in direct dialogue with Rembrandt. He had the meat brought to his workshop and revived its colors when they tarnished, to the great despair of the neighborhood. Red matter, blue and yellow transforms the butchery motif into a vibrant, sumptuous pictorial body that is frankly not recommended before lunch.

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Self-portrait - Marianne von Werefkin, painting #40
Marianne von Werefkin

Self-portrait

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Marianne von Werefkin depicts herself around 1910 with a fixed gaze and a face shaped by dark colors. A former student of Ilia Repin, she interrupted her career to support Jawlensky before resuming painting in Munich. This self-portrait affirms the return of an artist and central theorist to the Blaue Reiter adventure.

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The Red Tower in Halle - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #41
Ernst ludwig kirchner

The Red Tower in Halle

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Red Tower in Halle dates from 1915, when Kirchner stayed in a sanatorium near the town. The tower dominates an empty urban space, built by diagonals and a red which appears to heat the stone. Architecture offers none stable refuge: it reflects the nervous state of a painter exhausted by mobilization and crisis.

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Naked self-portrait with grimace - Egon Schiele, painting #42
Egon Schiele

Naked self-portrait with grimace

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Schiele here pushes the self-portrait to the point of grimace and frontal nudity. The thin body contracts, the skin changes color, the gesture refuses any heroic pose. In pre-war Vienna, this way of exposing the vulnerability clashes with conventions; it also makes the artist her own field of experience, without flattering lighting available.

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Composition VIII - Wassily Kandinsky, painting #43
Wassily Kandinsky

Composition VIII

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Composition VIII was painted in 1923 at the Bauhaus, ten years after the storm of Composition VII. Circles, lines and triangles are distributed there with almost musical precision. The emotion has not disappeared; it now passes through the tensions between shapes, sizes and colors. Kandinsky shows that a table can be methodical without becoming an administrative form.

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Walk - August Macke, painting #44
August Macke

Walk

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In Walk, Macke transforms a leisure scene into the rhythm of silhouettes, trees and colorful surfaces. The characters cross the landscape without apparent drama, but the light completely reconstructs their world. This serenity distinguishes her expressionism: instead of shouting, color opens the space and invites the eye to walk with it.

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Self-portrait with flowered hat - James Ensor, painting #45
James Ensor

Self-portrait with flowered hat

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Ensor paints himself wearing an extravagant flowered hat, a conscious parody of ceremonial portraits. The serious face resists the almost comic bouquet that frames it. The artist, long marginalized in Ostend, thus organizes his own recognition ceremony: if the academy is slow to bring the crown, it is always possible to choose the flowers yourself.

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Pink sweater quappi - Max Beckmann, painting #46
Max Beckmann

Pink sweater quappi

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Quappi in the pink sweater belongs to portraits where Beckmann combines marital intimacy and theatrical construction. The flat pink areas, black contours and tight framing give the model an immediate presence. Nothing is sentimental in meaning easy: the painting observes a personality, a fashion and an era, while letting Quappi keep the last word.

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Blue Horse II - Franz Marc, painting #47
Franz Marc

Blue Horse II

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Blue Horse II extended Marc's animal vision in 1911 with a denser composition. The horse bends in a landscape of symbolic curves and colors, as if sharing the structure of the earth. Blue does not imitate the coat ; it affirms an interior life that the painter judges to be truer than simple appearance.

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The Kiss - Edvard Munch, painting #48
Edvard Munch

The Kiss

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In The Kiss, two faces blend together until they become almost inseparable. Munch works this motif in his Frieze of Life, where love always oscillates between union and loss of self. The dark room protects the couple from the outside world, but there's also something disturbing about this perfect fusion: intimacy has eaten up the profiles.

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Marcella - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #49
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Marcella

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Marcella is one of Kirchner's most famous portraits of the Dresden period. The young model is presented with raw colors and a pose that disturbs the categories of childhood and adulthood. The work reveals research formal from Die Brücke, but also today requires a critical look at the relationships between artists and minor models.

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Stillende Mutter - Paula Modersohn-Becker, painting #50
Paula Modersohn-Becker

Stillende Mutter

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Stillende Mutter places a breastfeeding mother at the center of a simplified and monumental composition. Modersohn-Becker refuses the anecdotal charm often reserved for motherhood: the heavy volumes, earthy tones and frontality give the daily gesture with archaic dignity. The painting speaks of the lived body, not of a pretty allegory carefully kept at a distance.

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III

Der Blaue Reiter releases color

Marc, Kandinsky, Macke, Jawlensky and Werefkin seek in the animal, the face, the landscape or abstraction an intensity that goes beyond simple description.

Portrait of Wally - Egon Schiele, painting #51
Egon Schiele

Portrait of Wally

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Wally Neuzil was Schiele's companion and model for several years. This 1912 portrait responds to the physalis self-portrait: same light background, same tight framing, but a calmer presence. Blue eyes and hair roux gives Wally an individuality that resists the romantic legend built around the couple.

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Portrait of Alexander Sakharoff - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #52
Alexej von Jawlensky

Portrait of Alexandre Sakharoff

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Alexandre Sakharoff, a Russian dancer active in Munich, frequents the Blaue Reiter circle. Jawlensky paints it with strongly stylized features and colors that make the face a scene. The portrait records less of a dance movement only a performative identity: makeup, look and outline transform the model into an almost liturgical appearance.

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Foxes - Franz Marc, painting #53
Franz Marc

Foxes

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Foxes was painted in 1913 in a network of red, green and blue facets. The animals fit into the vegetation until they share its geometry. Marc wanted to rediscover a perception of the world free from human domination; however, the fractured composition already announces a threatened balance, on the eve of a war which will take the painter away.

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Flood of improvisation - Wassily Kandinsky, painting #54
Wassily Kandinsky

Flood of improvisation

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Flood of Improvisation belongs to the apocalyptic visions that Kandinsky developed before 1914. Oblique lines, dark masses and colored bursts suggest catastrophe without illustrating it step by step. The biblical subject becomes one painting principle: everything must be submerged so that a new visual order can appear after the wave.

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Large shiny display case - August Macke, painting #55
August Macke

Large shiny display case

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Great Shining Showcase belongs to Macke's observations of the modern city. Glass superimposes goods, reflections and passers-by, blurring the boundary between the viewer and what is offered to the eye. The artist transforms consumption into a colorful experience; the window does its job of seduction, but the painting fortunately keeps the change.

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Skeletons fighting over a herring - James Ensor, painting #56
James Ensor

Skeletons fighting over a herring saur

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Two skeletons compete for a herring saur in this satire of Ensor where death retains a very lively taste for absurd quarrels. The title plays on the French expression designating a deceptive diversion. Between ancient vanity and a modern joke, the work reminds us that even freed from his flesh, human beings still find a reason to bicker.

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Carnival - Max Beckmann, painting #57
Max Beckmann

Carnival

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Carnival dates from 1920, the day after a war that profoundly changed Beckmann. The entertainment becomes a compact stage where costumes, bodies and instruments intertwine behind black contours. The party does not erase the violence of the world; she puts on enough makeup to continue the evening, which is both effective and slightly disturbing.

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Vampire - Edvard Munch, painting #58
Edvard Munch

Vampire

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Munch first presents this embrace under the title Love and Pain; the nickname Vampire, given by a friend, ends up establishing itself. A red-haired woman leans over a man's neck in an ambiguous scene, between consolation and absorption. There hair envelops the couple like a flame, letting the viewer decide who saves whom.

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Two women in the street - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #59
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Two women in the street

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Two women in the street takes up the Berlin theme of modern dating. The elegant silhouettes, seen up close, advance in a space compressed by diagonals and discordant colors. Kirchner captures fashion while destroying its varnish: the street looks like a scene lit too brightly, where the gaze is always as commercial as it is curious.

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Der barmherzige Samariter - Paula Modersohn-Becker, painting #60
Paula Modersohn-Becker

Der barmherzige Samariter

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Modersohn-Becker transposes the parable of the Good Samaritan into a deliberately simple language, made up of solid volumes and readable gestures. The religious subject does not serve as a pretext for academic emphasis; it brings compassion back to a concrete action between two bodies. The modernity of the work is precisely due to this gravity without spectacular decoration.

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Dead City - Egon Schiele, painting #61
Egon Schiele

Dead city

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Dead City transforms Krumau, Schiele's mother's hometown, into a silent organism. The tight houses, seen from above, seem to float on the edge of dark water. The urban landscape becomes a psychic portrait: closed windows, absent streets and faded colors make up a community where architecture seems to remember the disappeared inhabitants.

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Turandot II - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #62
Alexej von Jawlensky

Turandot II

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Turandot II belongs to the heads where Jawlensky borrows from the theater and the icon to invent an autonomous face. The name of the legendary princess brings an exotic distance, while the colors and contours build one frontal presence. The portrait does not tell the opera: it concentrates its compelling character in a few chromatic chords.

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Deer in the reeds - Franz Marc, painting #63
Franz Marc

Deer in the reeds

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In Deer in the Reeds, Marc inscribes the animal in vegetation which shelters and extends it. The curves of the body respond to the stems, the colors abolish realistic camouflage to create inner harmony. The deer is not not surprised by an observer; he seems to belong to a world of which the spectator temporarily remains the guest.

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Munich-Schwabing with St. Ursula's Church - Wassily Kandinsky, painting #64
Wassily Kandinsky

Munich-Schwabing with the Church of St. Ursula

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Kandinsky painted Munich-Schwabing with St. Ursula's Church in 1908, when the landscape began to stand out from the description. The houses, trees and bell tower remain, but the color builds their intensity more than the light natural. This step shows abstraction happening, before she has officially found her address.

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Zoological Garden I - August Macke, painting #65
August Macke

Zoological Garden I

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Zoological Garden I transforms visitors and animals into a network of luminous spots. Macke is less interested in the inventory of species than in the movement of bodies in a modern urban hobby. The zoo becomes a laboratory color where the cages count less than the passages, the crossed glances and the strange pleasure of looking at those who are looking.

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The Singular Masks - James Ensor, painting #66
James Ensor

The Singular Masks

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Singular Masks brings together figures in Ensor whose false faces reveal more than they hide. The garish colors and frozen expressions transform the carnival into a social assembly. Everyone plays a role, no one does not appear innocent, and the viewer quickly understands that unfortunately there is no mask designed to simply remain neutral.

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Children Of The Twilight - Orcus - Max Beckmann, painting #67
Max Beckmann

Children Of The Twilight - Orcus

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Children of the Twilight, sometimes associated with the name Orcus, belongs to Beckmann's years of Amsterdam exile. Enigmatic figures occupy a tight space, between myth, theater and contemporary experience. The painter refuses it transparent story; it constructs a mental scene where dark Europe remains present, even when the characters seem to come from a fable.

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Young Girls on a Bridge - Edvard Munch, painting #68
Edvard Munch

Young girls on a bridge

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Young Girls on a Bridge has several versions painted by Munch around 1901. The balustrade runs deep, the dresses form a colorful suite and the landscape of 'Aasgårdstrand appears suspended. Behind the calm of the motif, the perspective creates an expectation: these young girls look at the water, while the painting already looks at their future.

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Modern Bohemia - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #69
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Modern bohemian

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Modern Bohemia refers to the artistic and literary environment that Kirchner frequents in the metropolis. The figures, clothes and interior compose a group identity based on pose as much as on freedom. The painting observes this modernity with participation and distance: even rebels sometimes have to choose a chair and hold the pose.

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Drei Kinder mit Ziege im Birkenwald - Paula Modersohn-Becker, painting #70
Paula Modersohn-Becker

Drei Kinder mit Ziege im Birkenwald

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Three children accompanied by a goat walk through the birch wood familiar to Modersohn-Becker. The painter simplifies the bodies and trunks to the point of creating an almost timeless scene. Childhood is neither sweet nor dramatized; She belongs to the rural landscape of Worpswede, with its seriousness, its animals and its shoes which are not always impeccable.

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The Hermites - Egon Schiele, painting #71
Egon Schiele

The Hermites

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Hermites brings together Schiele and Gustav Klimt in a dark double figure, pressed against an almost empty background. Painted in 1912, the work pays homage to the master while affirming the independence of the young artist. The two bodies seem to share the same funeral cloak: an artistic lineage presented less as a ceremony than as a nocturnal crossing.

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The blue mantilla - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #72
Alexej von Jawlensky

The blue mantilla

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Blue Mantilla makes the female face an almost sacred construction. Jawlensky uses Spanish clothing as a colorful frame, then simplifies the features into powerful signs. The exoticism of the title counts less than the frontality of the gaze : the figure is not offered like a costume, it imposes a silent presence to which color gives its authority.

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Monkey frieze - Franz Marc, painting #73
Franz Marc

Monkey frieze

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Monkey frieze sets several animals in motion in an elongated composition. Marc observes their collective rhythm rather than their anatomical particularities, circulating the curves from one body to another. This continuity expresses his dream of a unified nature; monkeys, for once, are not asked to imitate humans to justify their place.

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Murnau - Wassily Kandinsky, painting #74
Wassily Kandinsky

Murnau

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In Murnau, Kandinsky discovered with Münter, Jawlensky and Werefkin a landscape conducive to simplification. The village, the church and the mountain become colored masses separated by clear contours. Painted before complete abstraction, this view shows how a real place can be preserved while changing emotional temperature.

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Young Girls Under the Trees - August Macke, painting #75
August Macke

Young Girls under the trees

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Young Girls Under the Trees belongs to the leisure scenes painted by Macke before 1914. The dresses, foliage and shadows come together in light surfaces, close to the stained glass window. Modern life seems momentarily reconciled with nature; this gentleness takes on a particular value when we know that the painter died very young at the start of the war.

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IV

After the war, expressionism changed its severity

Beckmann, Soutine, Modersohn-Becker, Gerstl and their neighbors extend this adventure through portraiture, exile, memory and pictorial material that has become physical experience.

The Lady in Distress - James Ensor, painting #76
James Ensor

The Lady in Distress

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Lady in Distress uses Ensor's theatrical and grotesque universe to put a figure in difficulty in the middle of a show that hardly helps her. Faces and gestures amplify confusion like on a popular stage. Humor remains present, but it does not cancel out the discomfort: at Ensor, the public is often part of the problem.

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Bar in Paris /Claridge Bar, London /Ritz Bar Paris - Max Beckmann, painting #77
Max Beckmann

Bar in Paris /Claridge Bar, London /Ritz Bar Paris

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

This bar painted by Beckmann superimposes several memories of Paris and London. The mirror, the customers and the furniture create a scene where the space withdraws into itself. The exile observes worldly sociability with a wary eye: everyone is close, no one is really accessible, and drinking doesn't solve any perspective problems.

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Melancholy - Edvard Munch, painting #78
Edvard Munch

Melancholy

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In Melancholy, a lone man looks out to sea while a couple walks away onto the beach. Munch transforms a romantic disappointment into a mental landscape: the shore line extends the face and the whole world seems to follow the movement of the thought. Sadness is not illustrated; it organizes space up to the horizon.

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Woman with a Mirror - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, painting #79
Ernst ludwig kirchner

Woman in the mirror

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Woman with a Mirror takes an ancient motif from Kirchner by installing it in modern intimacy. The reflection, the body and the furniture are broken by angles which prevent any peaceful contemplation. The mirror does not guarantee an image stable; rather, it multiplies points of view, as if looking at oneself already required negotiating with several versions of oneself.

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Zwei Kinder auf einer Wiese sitzend - Paula Modersohn-Becker, painting #80
Paula Modersohn-Becker

Zwei Kinder auf einer Wiese sitzend

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Two children sitting in a meadow show Modersohn-Becker's attention to the people of Worpswede. The figures are heavy, silent, integrated into the earth rather than transformed into a charming anecdote. The painter refuses them sentimental conventions of childhood: its models have an autonomous presence, with all the seriousness that adults often forget to recognize in them.

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Agony (The Struggle to Death) - Egon Schiele, painting #81
Egon Schiele

Agony (The Struggle to the Death)

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Agony, subtitled The Death Struggle, squeezes two figures in an embrace that resembles an exhausted fight. Schiele paints bodies as bony and nervous structures, vulnerable even in their proximity. The theme is not heroic; it shows survival itself as an effort, at a time when war makes this tension concrete.

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Big woman's head on red - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #82
Alexej von Jawlensky

Big woman's head on red

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Big woman's head on red pushes the series of Jawlensky faces towards a monumental scale. The red background, eyes and contours create a tension between mask and human presence. Simplification does not erase the model: she removes the secondary details to let the painting function as a frontal encounter, without living room chatter.

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red Dog - Franz Marc, painting #83
Franz Marc

red dog

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The Red Dog belongs to the colorful animals through which Marc seeks a more instinctive perception of the world. Red concentrates the body's energy while the landscape responds to its posture. The animal does not serve as a fixed symbol decipher like a rebus; it becomes a chromatic force, attentive and fully installed in its environment.

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Red spot painting - Wassily Kandinsky, painting #84
Wassily Kandinsky

Red spot painting

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Red Spot Painting dates from 1914, when Kandinsky worked on the edge of complete abstraction. A small red zone organizes the tensions between lines, floating shapes and light spaces. The title draws the eye to a detail, but the work then refuses to remain wise around it: the entire surface participates in the unstable balance.

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Fashion: Woman in the parasol in front of the milliner's shop - August Macke, painting #85
August Macke

Fashion: Woman in the parasol in front of the milliner's shop

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The woman with the parasol in front of the milliner's shop belongs to Macke's Fashion series. Showcase, clothing and silhouette respond to each other in a city where identity comes through what we see and what is shown. The scene remains light, but its precise construction reveals how modern commerce also produces images.

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Death Chasing the Flock of Mortals (Death Pursuing the Herd of Humans). 1896 - James Ensor, painting #86
James Ensor

Death Chasing the Flock of Mortals (Death Pursuing the Herd of Humans). 1896

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In Death Pursuing the Herd of Humans, Ensor takes up the medieval theme of dance of death for a modern society. The skeleton chases away a compact crowd that hardly retains its dignity. The satire is fierce and very democratic: in the face of Death, social hierarchies suddenly lose their meaning, as well as their excellent place in the procession.

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Chinese Fireworks /The Dream (Small) - Max Beckmann, painting #87
Max Beckmann

Chinese Fireworks /The Dream (Small)

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Chinese Fireworks, also called The Dream, belongs to Beckmann's enigmatic interiors in the late 1920s. Figures, objects and bursts of light make up a scene without definitive explanation. Fireworks can to be a celebration, a memory or a threat; ambiguity transforms everyday space into a theater of the unconscious.

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Alte Bäuerin mit Ziege - Dreebeen mit Ziege und Hühnern - Paula Modersohn-Becker, painting #88
Paula Modersohn-Becker

Alte Bäuerin mit Ziege - Dreebeen mit Ziege und Hühnern

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

This old peasant woman accompanied by a goat and chickens comes from the rural world of Worpswede. Modersohn-Becker gives him a solid stature without idealizing poverty or collecting picturesque details. The character belongs to the landscape by body weight and earthy range; his daily life is enough to carry the paint.

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Four Trees - Egon Schiele, painting #89
Egon Schiele

Four trees

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Four trees, painted in 1917, line thin trunks in front of a late day sky. In the center, a low sun divides the composition while the fields become bands of color. Schiele applies the same tension to the landscape as to the human body: each tree seems isolated, but their common rhythm prevents the world from falling apart.

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Maturity - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #90
Alexej von Jawlensky

Maturity

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Maturity belongs to Jawlensky's late heads, reduced to a frontal structure close to the icon. The title designates less a precise age than an interior state. The muffled colors, vertical nose and simplified eyes give the face a stability conquered, after the more flamboyant portraits of the Munich period.

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Russian Ballet I - August Macke, painting #91
August Macke

Russian Ballet I

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Russian Ballet I captured European enthusiasm for the Ballets Russes in the early 20th century. Macke translates costumes, gestures and music into colorful rhythms rather than show reports. The dancers almost become signs, but retain the momentum of the scene; the painting seems to have found a place in the front row without disturbing anyone.

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Geburt - Max Beckmann, painting #92
Max Beckmann

Geburt

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Geburt, or Birth, belongs to the great allegories painted by Beckmann during his exile. The intimate subject is transformed into a dense scene, populated by bodies and signs whose meaning remains open. Birth does not promise innocence simple: it introduces new life into a world already full of history and conflict.

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Girl in the Birch Wood - Paula Modersohn-Becker, painting #93
Paula Modersohn-Becker

Girl in the birch wood

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

The girl in the birch wood is one of the motifs where Modersohn-Becker unites portrait and landscape. The vertical trunks structure the scene, while the child remains serious and motionless. The painter does not recount a walk; She makes a body feel like a place, in a countryside observed without postcard folklore.

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Head in black and green - Alexej von Jawlensky, painting #94
Alexej von Jawlensky

Head in black and green

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Head in black and green shows the gradual reduction of the face in Jawlensky. Two dominant colors are enough to establish depth, rhythm and meditation. Black is not just contour, green is not skin tone: together, they move the portrait towards a meditative image, halfway between a singular person and a universal sign.

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Portrait of Madeleine Castaing - Chaïm Soutine, painting #95
Chaïm Soutine

Portrait of Madeleine Castaing

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Madeleine Castaing, decorator and patron, supported Soutine from the 1920s. In this portrait, the body appears tense by the curves of the armchair, the garment and the face. The resemblance is never sacrificed, but it crosses a mobile material which reveals the temperament of the model as much as the restless energy of the painter.

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Le Petit Pâtissier - Chaïm Soutine, painting #96
Chaïm Soutine

The Little Pastry Chef

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Le Petit Pâtissier belongs to the series of young employees painted by Soutine in the 1920s. The white and red uniform gives a strong structure to the thin body, slightly deformed by the pose. The artist grants this worker anonymous the seriousness of an official portrait, without imposing on it the stiffness that generally accompanies decorations.

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Landscape of Céret - Chaïm Soutine, painting #97
Chaïm Soutine

Landscape of Céret

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

In Céret, between 1919 and 1922, Soutine painted landscapes whose houses, roads and trees seemed subject to an internal thrust. The perspective wavers, the shapes twist, but the village never completely disappears. THE real place becomes a physical painting experience, as if the earth is breathing far too fast.

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The Schoenberg Family - Richard Gerstl, painting #98
Richard Gerstl

The Schoenberg Family

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Richard Gerstl painted the Schönberg family during the period when he frequented the composer Arnold Schönberg and his Viennese circle. The quick touches and the unstable light break with the conventional family portrait. The story soon takes a painful turn: Gerstl maintains an affair with Mathilde Schönberg, a crisis which precedes her suicide in 1908.

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Mathilde Schönberg - Richard Gerstl, painting #99
Richard Gerstl

Mathilde Schoenberg

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Mathilde Schönberg is painted by Gerstl in the context of a passionate relationship which shakes up the composer's circle. The portrait, however, avoids the easy romantic anecdote: the nervous matter and the concentrated face give the model an autonomous presence. Knowing what happens next adds tension, but the painting holds up without the scandal.

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Mirri - Tyko Sallinen, painting #100
Tyko Sallinen

Mirri

Date1893CollectionMunch Museum, Oslo, Norway

Mirri, wife of Tyko Sallinen, became a central motif of Finnish expressionism. The painter harshly simplifies the lines and volumes, sparking debates about the violence of his gaze. The portrait remains powerful precisely because it is not comfortable: it forces us to consider together the formal invention, the intimacy of the couple and the asymmetry between model and artist.

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What the works reveal

One hundred paintings, three lasting shocks

After a hundred works, expressionism no longer resembles a simple collection of worried faces. It's a way of prioritizing lived experience, even when color arrives without an appointment and sits in the middle of the living room.

01

The resemblance is not the verdict

A portrait can twist the lines and yet aim more accurately than the morning mirror.

02

Color becomes emotion

Reds, greens and yellows do not decorate the scene: they directly regulate the temperature.

03

The landscape also looks

Trees, streets and mountains absorb the interior state of the painter and send him back to the viewer.

Timeline under tension

Five dates to follow the rise of the current

1905Die Brücke

Kirchner, Heckel and Schmidt-Rottluff founded a group in Dresden determined to shorten the distance between art and life.

1908The word is circulating

The term expressionism is gaining critical debate and is beginning to designate a broader sensibility.

1911Der Blaue Reiter

Kandinsky and Franz Marc bring together artists in Munich who make color a thought in motion.

1912The almanac

The Blaue Reiter publishes a work-manifesto which brings together popular arts, music and the avant-garde.

1914The breakup

The war disperses the groups; the expressionist impulse survives and changes tone.

Deep movement

Why does expressionism remain so intense?

Expressionism does not first seek to copy the visible world. He wants to show what the world causes inside: worry, fever, loneliness, fervor, desire, dizziness. The colors become tense, the lines become distorted, the faces almost become psychological landscapes. It's not always relaxing, but no one promised that a masterpiece should behave like a cushion.

Edvard Munch opens a decisive path with images where fear, love, illness or jealousy take an immediately recognizable form. The Scream is not only a famous face: it is a general vibration, a landscape that seems to hear the same alarm as the character. Munch shows that emotion can become architecture, sky, horizon line and even memory impossible to put away.

In Germany, Die Brücke gives the movement urban and nervous energy. Kirchner, Heckel, Schmidt-Rottluff and Pechstein paint the streets, workshops, dancers, bathers and figures with acidic colors and angles dry, almost electric tension. The modern city is no longer an elegant setting: it becomes a physical experience. We feel the sidewalks, the looks, the lights, and sometimes the very reasonable desire to take five minutes calm.

Der Blaue Reiter brings another intensity. Kandinsky, Marc, Macke, Münter or Jawlensky seek a more interior, sometimes spiritual force in color. Blue horses, simplified shapes and frank harmonies do not not just describe subjects: they are looking for visual music. The canvas almost becomes a score, with fewer polished violins and more heartbeats.

Egon Schiele and Oskar Kokoschka give the human figure truth without varnish. The bodies lie down, the hands clench, the eyes seem to have read the small lines of the existential contract. This painting may be disturbing, but she draws her strength from this frankness. She does not disguise fragility; she offers him a chair in the front row.

In a decoration, expressionism has a very particular presence. It is suitable for rooms that accept character: an office, a library, a sober living room, a hallway that deserves better than remaining a simple passage. A expressionist work does not just dress up a wall; it creates tension, depth, sometimes even a little silent conversation with the sofa, which had asked for nothing but did very well.

This Top highlights images where emotion, expressive distortion, strong color and psychological presence play a central role. Some works are dark, others dazzling, but all refuse lukewarmness. Expressionism reminds us that painting can be beautiful without being comfortable, intense without being confusing, and funny in spite of itself when a painted chair seems to have more interior drama than a Monday morning.

Four reading keys

Look without asking the colors to calm down

Expressionism is read by successive tensions: the line, the color, the space and the gaze construct a sensitive truth rather than a notarized observation of the visible.

Face

Track intensity

Eyes, hands and attitudes often concentrate the emotion even before the setting speaks.

Color

Measure the temperature

An unrealistic hue may be the most accurate indicator of the atmosphere in the painting.

Space

Observe imbalances

Leaning perspectives and compressed forms transform the environment into sensible pressure.

Key

Listen to the material

Impasto, scratches and flat areas keep the physical trace of the gesture.

These hundred paintings do not form a gallery of identical cries. Some strike with a violent color, others with silence, a stiff body or a street that is too narrow. Together, they tell how modern painting has ceased to confuse fidelity to reality and obedience to its appearance.

Emotion is not a lack of perspective

This expressionist Top 100 brings together works where the painting agrees to show the nerves, the frank colors and the silences that move. We come there for Munch, Kirchner or Kandinsky, then we stay for this rare impression: the painting not only decorates the room, it gives it a pulsation. Even the frame seems to breathe a little harder.

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